
A pyxis (
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
: ; : pyxides) is a shape of vessel from the classical world, usually a cylindrical box with a separate lid and no handles. They were used to hold cosmetics, trinkets or jewellery, but were also used for dispensing incense and by physicians to contain medicine. Surviving pyxides are mostly
Greek pottery, but could also be made from a range of other materials: wood, bronze,
ivory
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally from elephants) and Tooth, teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine, one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks. The chemical structure of the teeth and tusks of mamm ...
, marble, terracotta, silver, or stone. The name derived from
Corinthian boxes made of wood from the tree puksos ("
boxwood
''Buxus'' is a genus of about seventy species in the family Buxaceae. Common names include box and boxwood.
The boxes are native to western and southern Europe, southwest, southern and eastern Asia, Africa, Madagascar, northernmost So ...
"). During the
Classical period, the Attic word "''kylichnis''" was also used to refer to the same shape. The shape of the vessel can be traced in pottery back to the
Protogeometric period
The Protogeometric style (or Proto-Geometric) is a style of Ancient Greek pottery led by Athens and produced, in Attica and Central Greece, between roughly 1025 and 900 BCE,Van Damme, Trevor, and Lis Bartłomiej, (29 October 2024)"The origin o ...
in Athens, however the Athenian pyxis has various shapes itself.
Types
There were many different varieties of pyxis, popular in different times and places. The earliest were the
Protogeometric type of vessel which had a globular body, and the pointed-bottom pyxis from the
early Geometric period. The pointed pyxis did not last much longer than the ninth century BCE. During the
later Geometric period another style emerged with a flat, very broad base. Contemporary scholarship classifies pyxides as either: type A, type B, type C, type D, lekanis, Nikosthenic, or tripod.
Nikosthenic type

This type was introduced by
Nikosthenes
Nikosthenes was a potter of Greek black- and red-figure pottery in the time window 550–510 BC. He signed as the potter on over 120 black-figure vases, but only nine red-figure. Most of his vases were painted by someone else, called Painter N ...
during the late sixth century BCE. It is characterised by a deep, calyx-shaped bowl with a flanged rim and a stemmed foot, and a domed lid. The decorations on pyxides found in an Etruscan context tend towards depictions of battles and athletic contests; for pyxides found in Greek and near eastern Mediterranean settings the depictions tend to be of marriage, childbirth, or religious processions. Evidence suggests that this was a popular type on the eastern Aegean island of
Samos
Samos (, also ; , ) is a Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese archipelago, and off the coast of western Turkey, from which it is separated by the Mycale Strait. It is also a separate reg ...
and in Etruria between 560–500 BCE.
Proto-Geometric type
Examples of pyxide from the Proto-Geometric style of Greek pottery normally between roughly 1050 and 900 BCE include the ''globular pyxis'', a type of pyxis characterized with a wide, circular body and a flared lip at the top of the vessel.
Other forms of pyxide commonly from the early geometric period include the ''pointed pyxis'' is a type of pyxis characterised with a wide tip that thins into a point at the bottom.
Conrinthian type
Corinthian style pyxides usually share similar traits of being less circular than traditional Greek geometric style pyxides. This can be seen in the ''tall convex pyxis'',
and the 8th century ''straight-sided pyxis''
Corinthian styles. Other forms of Corintian pyxyde include the ''Type II: Low Concave-sided'' pyxis
dated around the 5th and 4th centuries BC and the ''Type III: High Concave-sided'' pyxis
dated ca. late 7th century BC
Gallery
File:Pisside con rilievi in faience, da polledrara, vulci, 750-700 ac ca. 01.JPG, Pyxis made out of "Egyptian faience
Egyptian faience is a sintered-quartz ceramic material from Ancient Egypt. The sintering process "covered he materialwith a true vitreous coating" as the quartz underwent vitrification, creating a bright lustre of various colours "usually in ...
". Imported to Italy from northern Syria. Produced 750–700 BC, Altes Museum
The Altes Museum (English: ''Old Museum'') is a List of World Heritage Sites in Germany, listed building on the Museum Island in the Mitte (locality), historic centre of Berlin, Germany. Built between 1825 and 1830 by order of King Frederick Will ...
.
File:Roman - Pyxis - Walters 4776 - View B.jpg, A Roman luxury Pyxis, used to hold cosmetics or precious jewellery - Walters Art Museum
The Walters Art Museum is a public art museum located in the Mount Vernon, Baltimore, Mount Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. Founded and opened in 1934, it holds collections from the mid-19th century that were amassed substantially ...
File:Pyxis with four horses, Greece, Attica, Geometric Period, 8th century BC, terracotta - Wadsworth Atheneum - Hartford, CT - DSC05138.jpg, Pyxis with four horses, Greece, Attica, Geometric Period, 8th century BC, terracotta - Wadsworth Atheneum
The Wadsworth Atheneum is an art museum in Hartford, Connecticut. The Wadsworth is noted for its collections of European Baroque art, ancient Egyptian and Classical bronzes, French and American Impressionism, Impressionist paintings, Hudson Riv ...
- Hartford, Connecticut
File:Athens Pyxis depicting a hand.jpg, 4th century "Type IV" Athenian pyxis with a depiction of a hand, National Museum, Warsaw
The National Museum in Warsaw (, MNW) is a national museum in Warsaw, one of the largest museums in Poland and the largest in the capital. It comprises a rich collection of ancient art (Art of ancient Egypt, Egyptian, Art in ancient Greece, Greek, ...
File:Ivory Pyxis from Cordoba.JPG, Ivory pyxis from Córdoba, Spain
Córdoba ( ; ), or sometimes Cordova ( ), is a city in Andalusia, Spain, and the capital of the Province of Córdoba (Spain), province of Córdoba. It is the third most populated Municipalities in Spain, municipality in Andalusia.
The city prim ...
, 10th century AD, Victoria and Albert Museum
The Victoria and Albert Museum (abbreviated V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.8 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen ...
File:Clay pyxis with lid, Protogeometric Period, 10th c. BC (28440925722).jpg, Example of a "Globular" style Pyxis - ''Clay pyxis with lid, Protogeometric Period, 10th c. BC''
File:Terracotta pyxis (box) MET DP117194.jpg, Example of a "Type II", Low Concave-sided, Pyxis c. 400 BC - Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...
s
File:Terracotta pyxis (box) MET DP1836.jpg, Example of a terracotta "Type III: High Concave-sided" pyxis style
File:Pointed pyxis Louvre CA6020.jpg, Example of a "pointed" style of pyxis, c. 900–875 BC, Louvre Museum
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world. It is located on the Rive Droite, Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement of Paris, 1st arron ...
See also
*
Pyxis of Zamora
*
Pyxis of al-Mughira
*
Pyxis of Čierne Kľačany
Pyxis is a small and faint constellation in the southern sky. Abbreviated from Pyxis Nautica, its name is Latin for a mariner's compass (contrasting with Circinus, which represents a draftsman's compasses). Pyxis was introduced by Nicolas-Louis ...
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
* Sparkes, Brian A. (1991)
Greek Pottery: An Introduction Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press; New York: Distributed exclusively in the US and Canada by St. Martin's Press
* Dickinson, Oliver (1994)
The Aegean Bronze Age Cambridge University Press
{{Greek vase shapes
Ancient Greek pot shapes
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