Pyry is a municipal neighbourhood, and a City Information System area, in

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

, within the district of

Ursynów Ursynów () is a district of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It has an area of 43.79 km2 (16.88 sq mi), and in 2023, it was inhabited by 149,775 people, making it the 5th most populous and 3rd largest district of the city. Located in its western ...

. It is a residential area, consisting of single-family housing. Pyry was founded in the 18th century as a farming community. In the late 1930s, there was constructed the military complex if the Cipher Bureau, in which, from 1937 to 1939,

Marian Rejewski Marian Adam Rejewski (; 16 August 1905 – 13 February 1980) was a Polish people, Polish mathematician and Cryptography, cryptologist who in late 1932 reconstructed the sight-unseen German military Enigma machine, Enigma cipher machine, aided ...

Jerzy Różycki Jerzy Witold Różycki (; 24 July 1909 – 9 January 1942) was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist who worked at breaking German Enigma-machine ciphers before and during World War II. Life Różycki was born in what is now Ukraine, the fou ...

, and

Henryk Zygalski Henryk Zygalski (; 15 July 1908 – 30 August 1978) was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist who worked at breaking German Enigma-machine ciphers before and during World War II. Life Zygalski was born on 15 July 1908 in Posen, German Empi ...

worked on developing the decryption techniques of the

Enigma machine The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication. It was employed extensively by Nazi Germany during World War II, in all branches of the W ...

used by the

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

. The village was incorporated into Warsaw in 1951.

History

Pyry, historically known as Pery, was founded in the 18th century, originally being the southern extension of the village of

Imielin Imielin (; ) is a town in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Outer town of the Metropolis GZM – metropolis with a population of 2 million. It is located in the Silesian Highlands. The population of the town is 9,098 as of 2021. Geogra ...

. It was a farming community with a few households.Barbara Petrozolin-Skowrońska (editor): ''Encyklopedia Warszawy'', Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 713. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish)Kwiryna Handke: ''Dzieje Warszawy nazwami pisane.'' Warsaw: Warsaw History Museum, 2011, p. 315. ISBN 978-83-62189-08-3. (in Polish) On 30 November 1898, in Pyry was opened the Warszawa Pyry

narrow-gauge railway A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge (distance between the rails) narrower than . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with tighter cur ...

station operated by the Grójec Commuter Railway. It was part of the

railway line Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of land transport, next to road ...

between stations of Warszawa Mokotów and Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą. The station operated until 1 December 1969. It was at the current intersection of Puławska Street, Akustyczna Street, and Leśna Street. Lech Królikowski: ''Ursynów wczoraj, dziś, jutro''. Warsaw: 2014, p 60. (in Polish) The presence the railway station had greatly increased development of the village. In 1921, it was inhabited by 421 people in 60 households. During the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period, also known as the interbellum (), lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II ( ...

, Pyry was a

holiday village A holiday village (abbreviated HV) is a holiday resort where the visitors stay in villas. There is a central area with shops, entertainment, and other amenities.Stanisław Pietkiewicz, Stefan Żmuda: ''Słownik pojęć geograficznych''. Warsaw ...

. In the 1930s, at 8 Kajakowa Street, and in the nearby

Kabaty Woods The Stefan Starzyński Kabaty Woods Nature Reserve () is a woodland park located in southern Warsaw, between two major arteries, Puławska Street, Warsaw, Puławska and Łukasz Drewny Streets. Administratively the park belongs to southern Warsaw ...

was constructed the military complex of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces, which, from 1937 to 1939, housed the branch of the Cipher Bureau responsible for deciphering

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

codes and messages.W. Kozaczuk: ''Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two'', University Publications of America, 1984, p 43. A team of mathematicians employed by the bureau, consisting of

, and

, was the first to decipher coding of the

in 1932, used by the

military. They continued working on its deciphering at the facility, and shared their Enigma-decryption techniques there with British and French intelligence agencies in June 1939. Manuel Vázquez, Paz Jiménez–Seral. "Recovering the military Enigma using permutations—filling in the details of Rejewski's solution". ''Cryptologia'', no. 42 (2). Philadelphia, 4 March 2018, p. 106–134. doi:10.1080/01611194.2016.1257522. S2CID 4451333.Ralph Erskine: "The Poles Reveal their Secrets: Alastair Denniston's Account of the July 1939 Meeting at Pyry". ''Cryptologia'', no. 30 (4). Philadelphia, December 2006, p. 294–305. doi:10.1080/01611190600920944. S2CID 13410460. Currently, it houses the Air Operations Centre – Air Component Command of the

Polish Air Force The Polish Air Force () is the aerial warfare Military branch, branch of the Polish Armed Forces. Until July 2004 it was officially known as ''Wojska Lotnicze i Obrony Powietrznej'' (). In 2014 it consisted of roughly 26,000 military personnel an ...

. On 8 September 1939, Pyry was captured by the

forces during the

Invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak R ...

in the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. Between 1946 and 1958, at 434 Puławska Street was constructed the

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

Church of Saint Apostles Peter and Paul. On 24 March 1946, at Łagiewnicka Street was also opened the Pyry Cemetery, operated by the church. Currently, it is located within the nearby neighbourhood of Jeziorki.Grzegorz Kalwarczyk: ''Przewodnik po parafiach i kościołach Archidiecezji Warszawskiej'', vol. 2: ''Parafie warszawskie''. Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna "Adam", 2015, p. 473. ISBN 978-83-7821-118-1. (in Polish) On 14 May 1951, Pyry was incorporated into the city of

. In 1996 was established the municipal neighbourhood of Pyry, as a subdivision of the

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

of Warsaw-Ursynów, which was replaced by the city district of

in 2002. The neighbourhood status was reconfirmed in 2013. It is governed by an elected neighbourhood council. In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with one of them being Pyry, with the same boundaries as the municipal neighbourhood. Biurowiec Rodan Warsaw 2023 aerial2

In 1998, at 465 Puławska Street was opened the Rodan Systems Building.Marta Leśniakowska: ''Architektura w Warszawie 1989–2001''. Warsaw: Arkada Pracownia Historii Sztuki, 2002, p. 3, 178–181. ISBN 83-908950-5-6. It was awarded the First Degree Award of the Minister of the Interior and Administration in 1999, and is regarded as a prime example of the 1990s and

post-communist Post-communism is the period of political and economic transformation or transition in post-Soviet states and other formerly communist states located in Central-Eastern Europe and parts of Latin America, Africa, and Asia, in which new governments ...

architecture in Poland.Aleksandra Stępień-Dąbrowska: ''Jakby luksusowo''. Przewodnik po architekturze Warszawy lat 90.'' Warsaw: National Institute of Architecture and Urbanistics, 2021, p. 8–9, 69–70, ISBN 978-83-960286-8-6. (in Polish) Between 2006 and 2010, at 63D Farbiarska Street was constructed the

Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a historically Reformed Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders, known as "presbyters". Though other Reformed churches are structurally similar, the word ''Pr ...

Warsaw

Korean Korean may refer to: People and culture * Koreans, people from the Korean peninsula or of Korean descent * Korean culture * Korean language **Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Korean **Korean dialects **See also: North–South differences in t ...

Church.

Characteristics

Pyry is a municipal neighbourhood, and an area of the City Information System, located in the south-central portion of the district of

. It has total area of 1.98 km² (0.76 sq mi), and is governed by a neighbourhood council, consisting of 15 elected officials. It is a residential area consisting of single-family housing.
Studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego miasta stołecznego Warszawy ze zmianami
'. Warsaw: Warsaw City Council, 1 March 2018, pp. 10–14. (in Polish) At 434 Puławska Street is located the

Church of Saint Apostles Peter and Paul. At 63D Farbiarska Street also operates the

Warsaw

Church. At 465 Puławska Street is placed the Rodan Systems Building, an office building constructed in 1998, which is regarded as a prime example of 1990s and

architecture in Poland. Additionally, at 8 Kajakowa Street, and in the nearby

is located the military complex of the Air Operations Centre – Air Component Command of the

. Near Farbiarska Street and Głusza Street is located the Wingert Lake with an area of 0.3486 ha.

Location and administrative boundaries

Pyry is a municipal neighbourhood, and a City Information System area in Warsaw, located within the south-central portion of the district of

. To the north, its boundary is determined by the

Warsaw Metro The Warsaw Metro () is a rapid transit underground system serving the Poland, Polish capital Warsaw. It currently consists of two lines, the north–south M1 (Warsaw), M1 line which links central Warsaw with its densely populated northern and sou ...

branch line A branch line is a secondary railway line which branches off a more important through route, usually a main line. A very short branch line may be called a spur line. Branch lines may serve one or more industries, or a city or town not located ...

; to the east, by the Kabaty Woods Nature Reserve; to the south, by Baletowa Street, Puławska Street, Puławskska Street, and the parcels adjusted to the southern part of Tukana Street; and to the west, by Farbiarska Street. The City Information System area borders Grabów, and Old Imielin to the north, Kabaty Woods Nature Reserve to the east; Dąbrówka to the south, Jeziorki Południowe to the southwest, and Jeziorki Północne to the west. The municipal neighbourhood of Pyry borders Dąbrówka, and Jeziorki.

Notes

References

External links

{{Authority control Neighbourhoods of Ursynów Former villages in Poland Populated places established in the 18th century Populated places established in 1996 1996 establishments in Poland Cipher Bureau (Poland) Enigma machine