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''Pyrgulopsis'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum (gastropod), operculum, aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.
''Pyrgulopsis'' is the largest genus of freshwater gastropods in the North America. In 2014, 139 species were recognized in this genus.
Species in the genus ''Pyrgulopsis'' include:
*''Pyrgulopsis aardahli'' Hershler, 1989 - Benton Valley springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis aloba'' Hershler, 1999 - Duckwater pyrg
*''Pyrgulopsis amargosae'' Hershler, 1989 - Amargosa springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis anguina'' Hershler, 1989 - Longitudinal gland pyrg
*''Pyrgulopsis archimedis'' S. S. Berry, 1947 - archimedes pyrg
*''Pyrgulopsis arizonae'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Apache springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis avernalis'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1935) - Moapa pebblesnail
*''Pyrgulopsis bacchus'' Hershler, 1988 - Grand Wash springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis bedfordensis'' Hershler & Gustafson, 2001
*''Pyrgulopsis bernardina'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - San Bernardino springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis blainica'' Hershler, Liu & Gustafson, 2008
*''Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis'' Hershler, 1990 - Bruneau hot springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis bryantwalkeri'' Hershler, 1994 - Cortez Hills pebblesnail
*''Pyrgulopsis californiensis'' (Gregg & Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1965) - Laguna Mountain springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis carinifera'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1935)
*''Pyrgulopsis castaicensis'' Hershler & Liu, 2010Hershler R. Liu H.-P. (25 January 2010). "Two new, possibly threatened species of ''Pyrgulopsis'' (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from southwestern California". ''Zootaxa'' 2343: 1–17, 8 plates
preview
/ref> *''Pyrgulopsis chamberlini'' (Hershler, 1998) - smooth Glenwood pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis chupaderae'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Chupadera springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis coloradensis'' Hershler, 1998 - Blue Point pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis conica'' Hershler, 1988 - Kingman springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis cruciglans'' Hershler, 1998 - Transverse grand pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis crystalis'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Crystal springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis davisi'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Limpia Creek springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis deaconi'' Hershler, 1998 - Spring Mountains Pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis deserta'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1916) - desert springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis diablensis'' Hershler, 1995 - Diablo Range pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis eremica'' Hershler, 1995 - Smoke Creek pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis erythropoma'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1899) - Ash Meadows pebblesnail *''Pyrgulopsis fairbanksensis'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Fairbanks springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis fusca'' (Hershler, 1998) - Otter Creek pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis gibba'' Hershler, 1995 - Surprise Valley pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis gilae'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Gila springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis giuliani'' Hershler & Pratt, 1990 - southern Sierra Nevada springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis glandulosa'' Hershler, 1988 - Verde Rim springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis greggi'' Hershler, 1995 - Kern River pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis hamlinensis'' Hershler, 1998 - Hamlin Valley pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis hendersoni'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1933) - Harney Lake springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis idahoensis'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1933) - Idaho springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis ignota'' Hershler, Liu & Lang, 2010 *''Pyrgulopsis intermedia'' (Tryon, 1865) - Crooked Creek springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis isolata'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - elongate-gland springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis kolobensis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Toquerville springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis licina'' Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 *''Pyrgulopsis longae'' Hershler, 1995 - Long Valley pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis longinqua'' (Augustus Addison Gould, Gould, 1855) *''Pyrgulopsis marilynae'' (Hershler, Ratcliffe, Liu, Lang and Hay, 2014) *''Pyrgulopsis merriami'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry & Beecher, 1892) - Pahranagat pebblesnail *''Pyrgulopsis metcalfi'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Naegele springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis micrococcus'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1893) - Oasis Valley springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis milleri'' Hershler & Liu, 2010 *''Pyrgulopsis minkleyi'' (D. W. Taylor, 1966) *''Pyrgulopsis montezumensis'' Hershler, 1988 - Montezuma Well springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis morrisoni'' Hershler, 1988 - Page springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis nanus'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - distal-gland springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis neomexicana'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1916) - Socorro springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis nevadensis'' (Robert Edwards Carter Stearns, Stearns, 1883) - corded pyrg - type species *''Pyrgulopsis nonaria'' (Hershler, 1998) - Ninemile pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis owensensis'' Hershler, 1989 - Owens Valley springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis pecosensis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Pecos springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis perforata'' Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 *''Pyrgulopsis perturbata'' Hershler, 1989 - Fish Slough springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis pilsbryana'' (J. L. Baily & R. I. Baily, 1952) - Bear Lake springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis pisteri'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Median-gland Nevada springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis robusta'' (Edmund Murton Walker, Walker, 1908) - Jackson Lake springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis roswellensis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Roswell springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis sanchezi'' Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 *''Pyrgulopsis saxatilis'' (Hershler, 1998) - sub-globose snake pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis similis'' (Hershler, Ratcliffe, Liu, Lang and Hay, 2014) *''Pyrgulopsis simplex'' Hershler, 1988 - Fossil springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis sola'' Hershler, 1988 - brown springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis stearnsiana'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1899) - Yaqui springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis taylori'' Hershler, 1995 - San Luis Obispo pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis texana'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1935) - Phantom cave snail *''Pyrgulopsis thermalis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - New Mexico hot springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis thompsoni'' Hershler, 1988 - Huachuca springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis transversa'' (Hershler, 1998) - southern Bonneville pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis trivialis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Three Forks springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis turbatrix'' Hershler, 1998 - Southeast Nevada Pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis variegata'' () - Northwest Bonneville pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis ventricosa'' Hershler, 1995 - Clear Lake pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis wongi'' Hershler, 1989 Eastern North American species of ''Pyrgulopsis'' are considered to be in separate genus ''Marstonia'' according to the Thompson and Hershler (2002).''Marstonia'' http://www.natureserve.org accessed 25 July 2009. (See "Concept References" in each ''Marstonia'' species.) *''Pyrgulopsis agarhecta'' (F. G. Thompson, 1969) - Ocmulgee marstonia - ''Marstonia agarhecta'' F.G. Thompson, 1969 *''Pyrgulopsis arga'' - ghost marstonia - ''Marstonia arga'' F.G. Thompson, 1977 *''Pyrgulopsis castor'' (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - beaverpond marstonia - ''Marstonia castor'' F.G. Thompson, 1977 *''Pyrgulopsis halcyon'' (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - halcyon marstonia - ''Marstonia halcyon'' F.G. Thompson, 1977 *''Pyrgulopsis hershleri'' F. G. Thompson, 1995 - Coosa pyrg - ''Marstonia hershleri'' (F.G. Thompson, 1995) *''Pyrgulopsis letsoni'' (Edmund Murton Walker, Walker, 1901) - gravel pyrg - ''Marstonia letsoni'' (Edmund Murton Walker, Walker, 1901) *''Pyrgulopsis lustrica'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1890) - boreal marstonia - ''Marstonia lustrica'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1890) *''Pyrgulopsis ogmoraphe'' (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - royal springsnail - ''Marstonia ogmorhaphe'' (F.G. Thompson, 1977) *''Pyrgulopsis olivacea'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1895) - olive marstonia - ''Marstonia olivacea'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1895) *''Pyrgulopsis ozarkensis'' Hinkley, 1915 - Ozark pyrg - ''Marstonia ozarkensis'' (Hinkley, 1915) *''Pyrgulopsis pachyta'' (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - armored marstonia - ''Marstonia pachyta'' F.G. Thompson, 1977 *''Pyrgulopsis scalariformis'' (Wolf, 1869) - moss pyrg - ''Marstonia scalariformis'' (Wolf, 1869)
AQUATIC SNAIL (possibly ''Pyrgulopsis'')
{{Authority control Pyrgulopsis, Hydrobiidae Gastropod genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Etymology
The name ''Pyrgulopsis'' is composed from ''Pyrgula'', another genus of snail, and ''opsis'' = :wiktionary:aspect, aspect of.Description
Generic characters of the genus ''Pyrgulopsis'' are: the gastropod shell, shell is minute, conically turreted, somewhat elongated, imperforate and unicarinate. The apex (mollusc), apex is acute. The aperture (mollusc), aperture is ovate. The edge of the aperture, called the peritreme, is continuous. The operculum (gastropod), operculum is ovate, thin, corneous and spiral, with polar point well forward and approximating the columella (mollusc), columella. The jaw is thin and membranaceous. The radula is odontophore, with teeth are arranged in transverse rows, according to the formula 3 + 1 + 3. Formula for denticles of rhachidian: .Distribution
The distribution of the genus ''Pyrgulopsis'' includes Western and South-western United States. Snails of species in the genus ''Pyrgulopsis'' occur in fresh water and in brackish water.Species
''Pyrgulopsis'' is the largest genus of freshwater gastropods in the North America. In 2014, 139 species were recognized in this genus.
Species in the genus ''Pyrgulopsis'' include:
*''Pyrgulopsis aardahli'' Hershler, 1989 - Benton Valley springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis aloba'' Hershler, 1999 - Duckwater pyrg
*''Pyrgulopsis amargosae'' Hershler, 1989 - Amargosa springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis anguina'' Hershler, 1989 - Longitudinal gland pyrg
*''Pyrgulopsis archimedis'' S. S. Berry, 1947 - archimedes pyrg
*''Pyrgulopsis arizonae'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Apache springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis avernalis'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1935) - Moapa pebblesnail
*''Pyrgulopsis bacchus'' Hershler, 1988 - Grand Wash springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis bedfordensis'' Hershler & Gustafson, 2001
*''Pyrgulopsis bernardina'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - San Bernardino springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis blainica'' Hershler, Liu & Gustafson, 2008
*''Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis'' Hershler, 1990 - Bruneau hot springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis bryantwalkeri'' Hershler, 1994 - Cortez Hills pebblesnail
*''Pyrgulopsis californiensis'' (Gregg & Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1965) - Laguna Mountain springsnail
*''Pyrgulopsis carinifera'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1935)
*''Pyrgulopsis castaicensis'' Hershler & Liu, 2010Hershler R. Liu H.-P. (25 January 2010). "Two new, possibly threatened species of ''Pyrgulopsis'' (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from southwestern California". ''Zootaxa'' 2343: 1–17, 8 platespreview
/ref> *''Pyrgulopsis chamberlini'' (Hershler, 1998) - smooth Glenwood pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis chupaderae'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Chupadera springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis coloradensis'' Hershler, 1998 - Blue Point pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis conica'' Hershler, 1988 - Kingman springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis cruciglans'' Hershler, 1998 - Transverse grand pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis crystalis'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Crystal springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis davisi'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Limpia Creek springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis deaconi'' Hershler, 1998 - Spring Mountains Pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis deserta'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1916) - desert springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis diablensis'' Hershler, 1995 - Diablo Range pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis eremica'' Hershler, 1995 - Smoke Creek pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis erythropoma'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1899) - Ash Meadows pebblesnail *''Pyrgulopsis fairbanksensis'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Fairbanks springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis fusca'' (Hershler, 1998) - Otter Creek pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis gibba'' Hershler, 1995 - Surprise Valley pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis gilae'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Gila springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis giuliani'' Hershler & Pratt, 1990 - southern Sierra Nevada springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis glandulosa'' Hershler, 1988 - Verde Rim springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis greggi'' Hershler, 1995 - Kern River pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis hamlinensis'' Hershler, 1998 - Hamlin Valley pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis hendersoni'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1933) - Harney Lake springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis idahoensis'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1933) - Idaho springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis ignota'' Hershler, Liu & Lang, 2010 *''Pyrgulopsis intermedia'' (Tryon, 1865) - Crooked Creek springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis isolata'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - elongate-gland springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis kolobensis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Toquerville springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis licina'' Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 *''Pyrgulopsis longae'' Hershler, 1995 - Long Valley pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis longinqua'' (Augustus Addison Gould, Gould, 1855) *''Pyrgulopsis marilynae'' (Hershler, Ratcliffe, Liu, Lang and Hay, 2014) *''Pyrgulopsis merriami'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry & Beecher, 1892) - Pahranagat pebblesnail *''Pyrgulopsis metcalfi'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Naegele springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis micrococcus'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1893) - Oasis Valley springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis milleri'' Hershler & Liu, 2010 *''Pyrgulopsis minkleyi'' (D. W. Taylor, 1966) *''Pyrgulopsis montezumensis'' Hershler, 1988 - Montezuma Well springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis morrisoni'' Hershler, 1988 - Page springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis nanus'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - distal-gland springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis neomexicana'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1916) - Socorro springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis nevadensis'' (Robert Edwards Carter Stearns, Stearns, 1883) - corded pyrg - type species *''Pyrgulopsis nonaria'' (Hershler, 1998) - Ninemile pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis owensensis'' Hershler, 1989 - Owens Valley springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis pecosensis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Pecos springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis perforata'' Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 *''Pyrgulopsis perturbata'' Hershler, 1989 - Fish Slough springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis pilsbryana'' (J. L. Baily & R. I. Baily, 1952) - Bear Lake springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis pisteri'' Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Median-gland Nevada springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis robusta'' (Edmund Murton Walker, Walker, 1908) - Jackson Lake springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis roswellensis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Roswell springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis sanchezi'' Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 *''Pyrgulopsis saxatilis'' (Hershler, 1998) - sub-globose snake pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis similis'' (Hershler, Ratcliffe, Liu, Lang and Hay, 2014) *''Pyrgulopsis simplex'' Hershler, 1988 - Fossil springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis sola'' Hershler, 1988 - brown springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis stearnsiana'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1899) - Yaqui springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis taylori'' Hershler, 1995 - San Luis Obispo pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis texana'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1935) - Phantom cave snail *''Pyrgulopsis thermalis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - New Mexico hot springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis thompsoni'' Hershler, 1988 - Huachuca springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis transversa'' (Hershler, 1998) - southern Bonneville pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis trivialis'' (Edward Harrison Taylor, Taylor, 1987) - Three Forks springsnail *''Pyrgulopsis turbatrix'' Hershler, 1998 - Southeast Nevada Pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis variegata'' () - Northwest Bonneville pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis ventricosa'' Hershler, 1995 - Clear Lake pyrg *''Pyrgulopsis wongi'' Hershler, 1989 Eastern North American species of ''Pyrgulopsis'' are considered to be in separate genus ''Marstonia'' according to the Thompson and Hershler (2002).''Marstonia'' http://www.natureserve.org accessed 25 July 2009. (See "Concept References" in each ''Marstonia'' species.) *''Pyrgulopsis agarhecta'' (F. G. Thompson, 1969) - Ocmulgee marstonia - ''Marstonia agarhecta'' F.G. Thompson, 1969 *''Pyrgulopsis arga'' - ghost marstonia - ''Marstonia arga'' F.G. Thompson, 1977 *''Pyrgulopsis castor'' (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - beaverpond marstonia - ''Marstonia castor'' F.G. Thompson, 1977 *''Pyrgulopsis halcyon'' (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - halcyon marstonia - ''Marstonia halcyon'' F.G. Thompson, 1977 *''Pyrgulopsis hershleri'' F. G. Thompson, 1995 - Coosa pyrg - ''Marstonia hershleri'' (F.G. Thompson, 1995) *''Pyrgulopsis letsoni'' (Edmund Murton Walker, Walker, 1901) - gravel pyrg - ''Marstonia letsoni'' (Edmund Murton Walker, Walker, 1901) *''Pyrgulopsis lustrica'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1890) - boreal marstonia - ''Marstonia lustrica'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1890) *''Pyrgulopsis ogmoraphe'' (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - royal springsnail - ''Marstonia ogmorhaphe'' (F.G. Thompson, 1977) *''Pyrgulopsis olivacea'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1895) - olive marstonia - ''Marstonia olivacea'' (Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Pilsbry, 1895) *''Pyrgulopsis ozarkensis'' Hinkley, 1915 - Ozark pyrg - ''Marstonia ozarkensis'' (Hinkley, 1915) *''Pyrgulopsis pachyta'' (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - armored marstonia - ''Marstonia pachyta'' F.G. Thompson, 1977 *''Pyrgulopsis scalariformis'' (Wolf, 1869) - moss pyrg - ''Marstonia scalariformis'' (Wolf, 1869)
References
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.Further reading
* * *External links
* * Roden T. D. (last change 25 May 2001)AQUATIC SNAIL (possibly ''Pyrgulopsis'')
{{Authority control Pyrgulopsis, Hydrobiidae Gastropod genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot