The fungal genus ''Pyrenophora'' includes 108 species,
[ including the following plant pathogenic species: '']Pyrenophora teres
''Pyrenophora teres'' is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen of some plant species, the most significant of which are economically important agricultural crops such as barley. Toxins include aspergillomarasmine A and related compounds.
Host & sympt ...
'', ''Pyrenophora graminea
''Pyrenophora graminea'' is the causal agent of barley stripe. Barley stripe is disease of barley that once caused significant crop yield losses in many areas of the world. Its associated anamorph is '' Drechslera graminea'' (Rabenhorst ex Schle ...
'' and '' Pyrenophora tritici-repentis''.
''Pyrenophora teres'' (has the teleomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:
*Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.
*Anamorph: an ase ...
, ''Drechslera teres'') makes up to 3 conidia
A conidium ( ; : conidia), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (: chlamydoconidia), is an asexual, non- motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also ...
per conidiophore
A conidium ( ; : conidia), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (: chlamydoconidia), is an Asexual reproduction, asexual, non-motility, motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word f ...
. It infects plants with an appressorium
An appressorium is a specialized cell typical of many fungal plant pathogens that is used to infect host plants. It is a flattened, hyphal "pressing" organ, from which a minute infection peg grows and enters the host, using turgor pressure capable ...
. It grows bio-trophically in the first infected plant cell, but then switches to a necrotrophic
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the traditi ...
growth mode. During necrotrophic growth, the fungus can only be found in the plant apoplast
The ''apoplast '' is the extracellular space outside of plant cell membranes, especially the fluid-filled cell walls of adjacent cells where water and dissolved material can flow and diffuse freely. Fluid and material flows occurring in any extr ...
but not within plant cells.
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...
(which has a list over 50 former species);Pyrenophora graminea
''Pyrenophora graminea'' is the causal agent of barley stripe. Barley stripe is disease of barley that once caused significant crop yield losses in many areas of the world. Its associated anamorph is '' Drechslera graminea'' (Rabenhorst ex Schle ...
''
*'' Pyrenophora heraclei''
*'' Pyrenophora hordei''
*'' Pyrenophora hyperici''
*'' Pyrenophora japonica''
*'' Pyrenophora kugitangi''
*'' Pyrenophora leucelenes''
*'' Pyrenophora leucospermi''
*'' Pyrenophora lithophila''
*'' Pyrenophora lolii''
*'' Pyrenophora macrospora''
*'' Pyrenophora meliloti''
*'' Pyrenophora metasequoiae''
*'' Pyrenophora minuartiae-hirsutae''
*'' Pyrenophora moroczkovskii''
*'' Pyrenophora muscorum''
*'' Pyrenophora nisikadoi''
*'' Pyrenophora nobleae''
*'' Pyrenophora novozelandica''
*'' Pyrenophora nuda''
*'' Pyrenophora osmanthi''
*'' Pyrenophora pachyasca''
*'' Pyrenophora parvula''
*'' Pyrenophora pellatii''
*'' Pyrenophora pellita''
*'' Pyrenophora pestalozzae''
*'' Pyrenophora phaeocomes''
*'' Pyrenophora phlei''
*'' Pyrenophora pimpinellae''
*'' Pyrenophora pittospori''
*'' Pyrenophora poae''
*'' Pyrenophora polyphragmoides''
*'' Pyrenophora polytricha''
*'' Pyrenophora pontresinensis''
*'' Pyrenophora pseudoerythrospila''
*'' Pyrenophora pulsatillae''
*'' Pyrenophora raetica''
*'' Pyrenophora rayssiae''
*'' Pyrenophora relicina''
*'' Pyrenophora rugosa''
*'' Pyrenophora saviczii''
*'' Pyrenophora scirpi''
*'' Pyrenophora seminiperda''
*'' Pyrenophora semiusta''
*'' Pyrenophora seseli''
*'' Pyrenophora sieglingiae''
*'' Pyrenophora silenes''
*'' Pyrenophora sobolewskii''
*'' Pyrenophora subantarctica''
*'' Pyrenophora sudetica''
*'' Pyrenophora syntrichiae''
*'' Pyrenophora szaferiana''
*''Pyrenophora teres
''Pyrenophora teres'' is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen of some plant species, the most significant of which are economically important agricultural crops such as barley. Toxins include aspergillomarasmine A and related compounds.
Host & sympt ...
''
*'' Pyrenophora tetraneuris''
*'' Pyrenophora tetrarrhenae''
*'' Pyrenophora tranzschelii''
*'' Pyrenophora trifolii''
*'' Pyrenophora triseptata''
*'' Pyrenophora tritici-repentis''
*'' Pyrenophora ushuwaiensis''
*'' Pyrenophora variabilis''
*'' Pyrenophora venturia''
*'' Pyrenophora villosa''
*'' Pyrenophora wirreganensis''
References
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Pleosporaceae
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