Pyotr Smidovich

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Pyotr Germogenovich Smidovich (; 19 May O.S. 7 May">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/> O.S. 7 May1874 – 16 April 1935), was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet Union">Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

politician. Born into a noble family of the Suchekomanty coat of arms, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">Suchekomnaty coat of arms">Suchekomanty coat of arms, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1898 and worked as an agent for the party's newspaper, ''Iskra''. During the October Revolution of 1917, he was a member of the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee, a member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the

Supreme Council of National Economy Supreme Soviet of the National Economy, Superior Soviet of the People's Economy, (Высший совет народного хозяйства, ВСНХ, ''Vysshiy sovet narodnogo khozyaystva'', VSNKh) was the superior state institution for mana ...

. From March 1918 to October 1918 Smidovich served as the chairman of the Moscow Soviet. From 1919 he was the chairman of the Moscow Provincial Economic Council. In 1920 he took part in the Soviet delegation at the peace negotiations with

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

. In 1921 he took part in the liquidation of the

Tambov Tambov ( , ; rus, Тамбов, p=tɐmˈbof) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Tambov Oblast, Central Federal District, central Russia, at the confluence of the Tsna River (Moksha basin), Tsna ...

and

Kronstadt Kronstadt (, ) is a Russian administrative divisions of Saint Petersburg, port city in Kronshtadtsky District of the federal cities of Russia, federal city of Saint Petersburg, located on Kotlin Island, west of Saint Petersburg, near the head ...

rebellions. On December 30, 1922, he opened the

I All-Union Congress of Soviets I, or i, is the ninth letter and the third vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''i'' (pronounced ), plur ...

, was elected to its presidium. From 1922 he was a member of the Anti-Religious Commission under the Central Committee of the

All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),. Abbreviated in Russian as КПСС, ''KPSS''. at some points known as the Russian Communist Party (RCP), All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet ...

and head of the Secretariat for Religious Affairs, since 1929 he was Chairman of the Standing Commission on Cults under the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Smidovich was the leader of the

communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...

organization

Komzet Komzet (, ) was the ''Committee for the Settlement of Toiling Jews on the Land'' (some English sources use the word "working" instead of "toiling") in the Soviet Union. The primary goal of the Komzet was to provide work for the unemployed agricult ...

, which was established in 1921 in

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. The idea to found a

Jewish Autonomous Oblast The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) is a federal subject of Russia in the far east of the country, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan. ...

in the

USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

with

Yiddish Yiddish, historically Judeo-German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in 9th-century Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with ...

as its

official language An official language is defined by the Cambridge English Dictionary as, "the language or one of the languages that is accepted by a country's government, is taught in schools, used in the courts of law, etc." Depending on the decree, establishmen ...

belonged to

Mikhail Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (, ; 3 June 1946) was a Soviet politician and Russian Old Bolshevik revolutionary who served as the first chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) from 1938 until his resignation in 1946. From ...

and Smidovich. Pyotr Smidovich died in Moscow on April 16, 1935. The urn with his ashes was buried in

Red Square Red Square ( rus, Красная площадь, Krasnaya ploshchad', p=ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːɪtʲ) is one of the oldest and largest town square, squares in Moscow, Russia. It is located in Moscow's historic centre, along the eastern walls of ...

near the

Kremlin Wall The Moscow Kremlin Wall is a defensive wall that surrounds the Moscow Kremlin, recognisable by the characteristic notches and its Kremlin towers. The original walls were likely a simple wooden fence with guard towers built in 1156. The Kremlin ...

. The

urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the So ...

of Smidovich in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast is named after him.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smidovich, Pyotr 1874 births 1935 deaths People from Rahachow People from Rogachyovsky Uyezd Chairpersons of the Executive Committee of Mossovet Communist Party of the Soviet Union members Jewish Autonomous Oblast Old Bolsheviks Russian revolutionaries Soviet politicians Mayors of Moscow Russian Constituent Assembly members

See also

References