Pyotr Petrovich Kashchenko (; (9 January 1859) in

Yeysk Yeysk () is a port and a resort town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the shore of the Taganrog Gulf of the Sea of Azov. The town is built primarily on the Yeysk Spit, which separates the Yeya River from the Sea of Azov. Population: ...

– February 19, 1920, in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

) was a

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly ...

, social and agrarian activist, author of articles on

mental health Mental health is often mistakenly equated with the absence of mental illness. However, mental health refers to a person's overall emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It influences how individuals think, feel, and behave, and how t ...

and mental health services from the Russian Empire."Неблагонадежный психиатр. Как доктор Кащенко стал народной легендой?"
, ''

Arguments and Facts (, commonly abbreviated "АиФ" and translated as ''Arguments and Facts'') is a weekly newspaper based in Moscow and a publishing house in Russia and worldwide. Since 2014, it has been owned by the Government of Moscow. History and profile It ...

'', January 9, 2014 (retrieved June 22, 2018)

Biography

In 1876–1881 he studied at

Moscow University Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,. is a public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Al ...

, where he was expelled for participating in student revolutionary movement and was expelled from Moscow to

Stavropol Stavropol (, ), known as Voroshilovsk from 1935 until 1943, is a city and the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, in southern Russia. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 547,820, making it one of Russia's fastest growing cities. E ...

. In 1885 he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine

Kazan Federal University Kazan Federal University (; ) is a public research university located in Kazan, Russia. The university was founded in 1804 as Imperial Kazan University, which makes it the second oldest continuously existing tertiary education institution in Rus ...

and received his medical degree. In 1889–1904, he served as director of the Psychiatric Hospital of the

Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət, t=Lower Newtown; colloquially shortened to Nizhny) is a city and the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast an ...

Zemstvo. The "Chronic" Mental Hospital of was founded on February 10, 1901, as the "Colony of Lyakhovo". A Head of the Moscow and

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

psychiatric hospital. In the years 1904–1906 he was the head physician of the Moscow's Alekseyev Psychiatric Hospital. In 1905 he participated in the revolutionary events in Moscow, helping the wounded during the uprising in Presnya. In 1905–1906 gg. He led the illegal cross-party Red Cross. Organiser and chairman of the Central Statistical Bureau of the first in Russia to account for mental patients. In May 1917 he led the neuro-psychiatric section of the Council of medical colleges, in 1918–1920 he headed the Subdivision neuro-psychiatric care Commissariat

RSFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

. He was buried in the

Novodevichy Cemetery Novodevichy Cemetery () is a cemetery in Moscow. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century Novodevichy Convent, which is the city's third most popular tourist site. History The cemetery was designed by Ivan Mashkov and inaugurated ...

. From 1922 to 1994 the was named after Kashchenko. Now this hospital is named Nikolay Alekseyev –

Mayor of Moscow The Mayor of Moscow () is the head and the highest-ranking official of Moscow, who leads the Government of Moscow, the main executive body of the city. Moscow is both a city and separate federal subject, according to the Constitution of ...

(1885–1893), the initiator of the construction of hospitals and fundraising organizer for this construction. , where he was the first Chief Physician (1909–1918),Лиманкин, О. В
К 150-летию Петра Петровича Кащенко. К 100-летию Сиворицкой больницы (Санкт-Петербургской психиатрической больницы им. П. П. Кащенко)
// Социальная и клиническая психиатрия : journal. — 2009. — Vol.. XIX: 2. — P. 101—106. and are also named after him. The word Kashchenko has become a colloquialism for

mental asylum The lunatic asylum, insane asylum or mental asylum was an institution where people with mental illness were confined. It was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital. Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from and eventually replace ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kashchenko, Pyotr 1859 births 1920 deaths People from Yeysk Psychiatrists from the Russian Empire Physicians from the Russian Empire Neurologists from the Russian Empire