A push dagger (alternately known as: punch dagger, punch knife, or push knife) is a short-bladed

dagger A dagger is a fighting knife with a very sharp point and usually two sharp edges, typically designed or capable of being used as a thrusting or stabbing weapon.State v. Martin, 633 S.W.2d 80 (Mo. 1982): This is the dictionary or popular-use de ...

with a "T" handle designed to be grasped and held in closed-fist hand, so that the blade protrudes from the front of the fist, either between the index and middle fingers, or between the two central fingers, when the grip and blade are symmetrical. New York: Diagram Visual Information Ltd. Less often also called push dirk, which although a

dirk A dirk is a long bladed thrusting dagger.Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), ''Dagger'', The Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed., Vol. VII, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press (1910), p. 729 Historically, it gained its name from the Highland Dirk (Scot ...

is also a ''relatively'' short, close-combat thrusting blade, it is normally a ''long''-bladed thrusting dagger. It originates as a close-combat weapon for civilians in the early 19th century, and also saw some use in the

trench warfare Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising Trench#Military engineering, military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artille ...

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

History

The 16th-century Indian '' katar'' (), or punching sword, has been compared to the push dagger. This weapon is analogous, or a remote predecessor at best, as the ''katar'' is gripped by two close-set vertical bars, while a push dagger uses a T-handle and a blade that protrudes between the fingers when properly gripped.

American push dagger

The push dagger appears to originate in the 19th-century Southern US.Peterson, Harold L., ''Daggers and Fighting Knives of the Western World'', New York: Dover Publications Inc., , p. 68.
The Wilson-Anthony Fight
'', Department of Arkansas-Heritage, retrieved 1 August 2011: In 1836 a

knife fight A knife fight is a violent physical confrontation between two or more combatants in which one or more participants is armed with a knife.MacYoung, Marc, ''Winning A Street Knife Fight'', (Digital format, 70 min.), Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, (J ...

broke out between the Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives, John Wilson, and Rep. Joseph Anthony in the middle of a contentious legislative session; Anthony was killed, while Wilson was expelled from office and later indicted for murder. Politicians wore them into state and federal buildings, even the United States Capitol. As a concealable weapon, the push dagger was a favorite choice of civilian owners requiring a discreet knife capable of being used for personal protection. Before the development of reliable small pistols such as the

derringer A derringer is a small handgun that is neither a revolver nor a semi/ fully automatic pistol. It is not to be confused with mini-revolvers or pocket pistols, although some later derringers were manufactured with the pepperbox configuration ...

, the push dagger was especially popular among riverboat

gambler Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three ele ...

s and residents of the larger towns and cities of the Old Southwest, particularly gamblers and

émigré An ''émigré'' () is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social self- exile. The word is the past participle of the French ''émigrer'', "to emigrate". French Huguenots Many French Huguenots fled France follow ...

s from the city of

New Orleans, Louisiana New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans

''Secret Arms'', The Saturday Review, London: Spottiswoode & Co., Vol. 77 No. 2,002' (10 March 1894), pp. 250–251.''Use of the Army in Certain Southern States: Sworn Testimony of Leon Voitier dated September 15, 1868'', Executive Documents of the House of Representatives, Second Session of the 41st Congress 1876–1877, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Edition Vol. 9 No. 30, p. 315. The New Orleans-style push dagger was known as the gimlet knife. The gimlet knife had a short blade with a "

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" or T-handle. It was a common weapon in the city during the 1800s and was usually slipped into a boot or concealed inside a coat sleeve or else hung on a waistcoat button by a strap attached to the knife's leather sheath. The gimlet knife was used in so many riots, fights, and murders in New Orleans that the city passed an ordinance in 1879 prohibiting anyone within city limits from selling, offering or exhibiting such a weapon for sale. The push dagger also was a favorite weapon in 19th-century

San Francisco, California San Francisco (; Spanish for "Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17th ...

.Flayderman, Harold, ''The Bowie knife: Unsheathing an American Legend'', London: Andrew Mobray Publishers Ltd., (2004), p. 185. The San Francisco style of push dagger tended to have a slightly longer blade than that of the gimlet knife and was most often equipped with a T-handle made of walrus ivory.

Stoßdolch

During the latter half of the 19th century, the push dagger also enjoyed a brief period of popularity in Britain and Central Europe, particularly in Germany, where it was called the ''Stoßdolch'' or ''Faustmesser'', meaning "push-dagger" and "fist-knife", respectively. The weapon is thought to have been introduced there in the mid-1800s by foreign sailors visiting North German ports. German cutlery makers began to manufacture domestic versions of the design, often set in

nickel-silver Nickel silver, Maillechort, German silver, Argentan, new silver, nickel brass, albata, alpacca, is a copper alloy with nickel and often zinc. The usual formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc. Nickel silver does not contain the eleme ...

mountings. The ''Stoßdolch'' was sold primarily as a self-defense weapon for travelers, salesmen, and others who required a compact, concealable weapon. Push daggers continued to be sold in Britain and Europe through the end of the 19th century, when the combination of more effective police forces and the availability of inexpensive small handguns caused a substantial decline in sales and usage of push daggers and other types of specialized fighting knives.

World War I

The reality of static trench warfare in World War I created a need for short, handy close-combat weapons that could be used in the confines of a trench. With pistols in short supply, a variety of knives and other stabbing weapons were created or issued to troops serving in the trenches. Originally most of these weapons were fabricated in the field from readily available materials such as metal stakes, but soon factory-made examples of knuckle knives and push daggers appeared at the front, and were used by both sides in the war. In Britain the Robbins-Dudley Co. of Dudley, Worcestershire, a metalworking company, was one of the first commercial producers of specialized wartime knuckle-knives and push daggers for private sale to individual soldiers and officers.Flook, Ron, ''British and Commonwealth Military Knives'', Howell Press Inc., (1999), pp. 24–28. The typical Robbins-Dudley push dagger – referred to as a 'punch knife' by its maker – utilized an aluminium "knuckle"-type handle cast onto a heat-treated steel dagger blade or alternatively, a metal spike, which was subsequently blackened to prevent reflections in moonlight.Stephens, Frederick J., ''Fighting Knives: An Illustrated Guide to Fighting Knives and Military Survival Weapons of the World'', Edinburgh, UK: Arms and Armour Press, (1985).

World War II

The push dagger re-emerged during World War II, where it was first issued as combat weapon for British

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, and other specialized raiding or guerrilla forces requiring a compact and concealable weapon for sentry elimination or close-quarters fighting.

Contemporary designs

During the 1980s several new versions of the push dagger concept were produced by a variety of speciality cutlery manufacturers, and were sold primarily as 'tactical' or self-defense weapons, particularly in the USA.

Legality

The sale and possession (or possession in public) of a push dagger with blade perpendicular to the handle is prohibited in some countries, such as the

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and

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although if the edge is parallel to the handle they are legal. The laws of many countries and several U.S. states and cities prohibit or criminalize to some degree the purchase, possession, or sale of push daggers or knuckle knives.Wong, David, ''Knife Laws of the Fifty States: A Guide for the Law-Abiding Traveler'', AuthorHouse, (2006).

References

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