''Pupilla'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of minute air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s or

micromollusk A micromollusc is a shelled mollusc which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine molluscs, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater molluscs also ...

s in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family

Pupillidae Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831. Accessed through: ...

.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426395 on 5 March 2022 Shells of ''Pupilla'' species are known from terrestrial Cenozoic strata dating back to the

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...

until the

Holocene The Holocene () is the current geologic time scale, geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene to ...

period.

Distribution

This genus occurs in Eurasia, northern Africa and North America."Genus summary for ''Pupilla''"

AnimalBase AnimalBase is a project brought to life in 2004 and is maintained by the University of Göttingen, Germany. The goal of the AnimalBase project is to digitize early zoological literature, provide copyright-free open access to zoological works, and p ...

. Last modified 2 September 2006, accessed 30 July 2010.

Species

Species within the genus ''Pupilla'' include: * † '' Pupilla aeoli'' (Hilber, 1884) * '' Pupilla afghanicum'' Solem, 1979 * ''

Pupilla alabiella ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' Schileyko, 1984 * '' Pupilla alaskensis'' Nekola & Coles, 2014 * † '' Pupilla almuhambetovae'' Prysjazhnjuk, 2017 * '' Pupilla alpicola'' (Charpentier, 1837) * ''

Pupilla annandalei ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' Pilsbry * ''

Pupilla anzobica ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' Izzatullaev, 1970 * ''

Pupilla armeniaca ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' (Issel, 1865) * † ''

Pupilla bargi ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' Prysiazhniuk, 2017 * † ''

Pupilla belokrysi ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' Steklov, 1966 * ''

Pupilla bigranata ''Pupilla bigranata'' is a nomen dubium that was used for some forms of the land snails '' Pupilla triplicata'' and ''Pupilla muscorum'' (Pupillidae), but none of these forms represent a separate species, therefore such species as ''Pupilla bigra ...

'' (Rossmässler 1839) (taxon inquirendum) * ''

Pupilla bipatulata ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' Akramowski, 1943 * † ''

Pupilla bituberculata ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' H.-J. Wang & S.-Y. Guo, 1991 * † ''

Pupilla blainvilleana ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' (Dupuy, 1850) * ''

Pupilla blandii ''Pupilla blandii'', common name the Rocky Mountain column, is a species of very small or minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae. Distribution This common species occ ...

'' E. S. Morse, 1865 – Rocky Mountain column * † ''

Pupilla bogdanovkaense ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' Prysiazhniuk, 2017 * '' Pupilla brevicostis'' (Benson, 1849) * ''

Pupilla calacharicus ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' (Boettger, 1886) * † '' Pupilla capitani'' (de Morgan, 1920) * † '' Pupilla crossei'' (Michaud, 1862) * † '' Pupilla cupella'' O. Boettger, 1889 * † '' Pupilla diezi'' (Flach, 1890) * '' Pupilla diopsis'' (Benson, 1863) * '' Pupilla duplicata'' (Preston, 1911) * '' Pupilla ficulnea'' (Tate, 1894) * '' Pupilla gallae'' Tzvetkov, 1940 * '' Pupilla goniodon'' Pilsbry, 1927 * '' Pupilla guadalupensis'' Pilsbry, 1927 * '' Pupilla gutta'' (Benson, 1864) * '' Pupilla hebes'' (Ancey 1881) – crestless column * '' Pupilla hokkaidoensis'' Nekola, Coles & S. Chiba, 2014 * '' Pupilla hudsoniana'' Nekola & Coles, 2014 * '' Pupilla iheringi'' Suter, 1900 * † '' Pupilla impressa'' (F. Sandberger, 1862) * '' Pupilla inequidenta'' Schileyko & Almuhambetova, 1979 * † '' Pupilla inermis'' Russell, 1931 * '' Pupilla inops'' (Reinhardt, 1877) * † '' Pupilla iratiana'' (Dupuy, 1850) * '' Pupilla khunjerabica'' Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009Pokryszko B. M., Auffenberg K., Hlaváč J. Č. & Naggs F. (2009). "Pupilloidea of Pakistan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Truncatellininae, Vertigininae, Gastrocoptinae, Pupillinae (In Part)". ''

Annales Zoologici ''Annales Zoologici'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of systematic zoology. Established in 1951, it is published by the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences The Polish Academy o ...

'' 59(4): 423–458. . * '' Pupilla kyrostriata'' Walther & Hausdorf, 2014 * '' Pupilla limata'' Schileyko, 1984 * '' Pupilla loessica'' Ložek, 1954 * † '' Pupilla michaudi'' Wenz, 1919 * † '' Pupilla mlomnickii'' (Friedberg, 1905) * ''

Pupilla muscorum ''Pupilla muscorum'', common name, commonly known as the Moss Chrysalis snail or widespread column, is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupi ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

) – widespread column – type species * † '' Pupilla mutabilis'' Steklov, 1966 * '' Pupilla obliquicosta'' Smith, 1892 – extinct * '' Pupilla paraturcmenica'' Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009 * † '' Pupilla parvula'' (Deshayes, 1863) * † '' Pupilla perlabiata'' Gottschick & Wenz, 1919 * † '' Pupilla poltavica'' O. Boettger, 1889 * ''

Pupilla profundotuberculata ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. ...

'' H.-J. Wang & S.-Y. Guo, 1991 * '' Pupilla pupula''Mollusc Specialist Group (1996)
''Pupilla pupula''2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Downloaded on 7 August 2007. * '' Pupilla quxuensis'' D.-N. Chen & G.-Q. Zhang, 2001 * † '' Pupilla retusa'' (F. Sandberger, 1858) * † '' Pupilla roberti'' Prysiazhniuk, 2017 * '' Pupilla salemensis'' (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861) * '' Pupilla satparanica'' Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009 * † '' Pupilla selecta'' (Thomä, 1845) * † '' Pupilla selectiformis'' (Simionescu & Barbu, 1940) * '' Pupilla seriola'' (Benson, 1861) * † '' Pupilla shantungensis'' Yen, 1969 * '' Pupilla simplexa'' Y.-T. Li, 1985 * '' Pupilla sonorana'' (Sterki, 1899) – three-tooth column * † '' Pupilla staszicii'' (Łomnicki, 1886) * † ''

Pupilla steinheimensis ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Access ...

'' (K. Miller, 1900) * '' Pupilla sterkiana'' (Pilsbry, 1890) * ''

Pupilla sterrii ''Pupilla sterrii'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae. Distribution This species has a scattered distribution and occurs in a number of areas incl ...

'' (Forster & Voith, 1840) * '' Pupilla striopolita'' Schileyko, 1984 * † ''

Pupilla subquadridens ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae.-MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. ...

'' (A. d'Orbigny, 1852) * '' Pupilla syngenes'' (Pilsbry, 1890) – top-heavy column * '' Pupilla tetrodus'' (Boettger, 1870) * ''

Pupilla triplicata ''Pupilla triplicata'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae. Distribution The distribution of this species is in Central and Southern Europe Lisický ...

'' (Studer, 1820) * † '' Pupilla triplicatoidea'' Steklov, 1966 * † '' Pupilla tschumakovi'' Prysjazhnjuk, 2017 * '' Pupilla turcmenica'' (O. Boettger) * † '' Pupilla zeisslerae'' Schlickum, 1975 * '' Pupilla ziaratana'' Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009

Synonyms

* ''Pupilla barrackporensis'' Gude, 1914: synonym of '' Insulipupa malayana'' (Issel, 1874) (junior synonym) * ''Pupilla cinghalensis'' Gude, 1914: synonym of '' Indopupa cinghalensis'' (Gude, 1914) (original combination) * ''Pupilla cryptodon'' (Heude, 1880): synonym of ''

Gibbulinopsis cryptodon ''Gibbulinopsis'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Pupillidae. The species of this genus are found in Asia, Africa, Australia. Species: *'' Gibbulinopsis cryptodon'' *'' Gibbulinopsis fontana'' *'' Gibbulinopsis gracilis'' * ...

'' (Heude, 1880) (unaccepted combination) * ''Pupilla cupa'' (Jan 1832): synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (junior synonym) * ''Pupilla draparnaudi'' Leach n Turton 1831: synonym of ''

Lauria cylindracea ''Lauria cylindracea'', the common chrysalis snail, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Lauriidae. Description The 3-4 x 1.8 mm shell is oval with a blunt apex and 5-6 weakly con ...

'' (Da Costa, 1778) * ''Pupilla floridana'' Dall, 1885: synonym of '' Gastrocopta pentodon'' (Say, 1822) (junior synonym) * ''Pupilla fontana'' (Krauss, 1848): synonym of ''

Gibbulinopsis fontana ''Gibbulinopsis'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Pupillidae. The species of this genus are found in Asia, Africa, Australia. Species: *''Gibbulinopsis cryptodon'' *'' Gibbulinopsis fontana'' *'' Gibbulinopsis gracilis'' *' ...

'' (F. Krauss, 1848) (

superseded combination In taxonomy, a superseded combination is a notice of change to the binomial nomenclature of the accepted name of a species. This happens when a species is moved to a new genus after the initial species description. The original name is called a ...

) * ''Pupilla gracilis'' Izzatullaev, 1970: synonym of ''

Gibbulinopsis gracilis ''Gibbulinopsis'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Pupillidae. The species of this genus are found in Asia, Africa, Australia. Species: *''Gibbulinopsis cryptodon'' *''Gibbulinopsis fontana'' *'' Gibbulinopsis gracilis'' *'' ...

'' (Izzatullaev, 1970) (original combination) * ''Pupilla hudsonianum'' ic synonym of '' Pupilla hudsoniana'' Nekola & Coles, 2014 (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet) * ''Pupilla muscerda'' (Benson, 1853): synonym of '' Microstele muscerda'' (Benson, 1853) (unaccepted combination) * ''Pupilla pratensis'' (Clessin, 1871): synonym of '' Pupilla alpicola'' (Charpentier, 1837) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym) * † ''Pupilla quadrigranata'' (F. Sandberger, 1858): synonym of † '' Pupilla selecta'' (Thomä, 1845) (junior synonym) * ''Pupilla reibischi'' Dall & Ochsner, 1928: synonym of '' Gastrocopta reibischi'' (Dall & Ochsner, 1928) (original name) * Pupilla salmensis (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861): synonym of '' Pupilla salemensis'' (W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861) (misspelling of original name.) * ''Pupilla signata'' (Mousson, 1873): synonym of ''

Gibbulinopsis signata ''Gibbulinopsis'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Pupillidae. The species of this genus are found in Asia, Africa, Australia. Species: *''Gibbulinopsis cryptodon'' *''Gibbulinopsis fontana'' *''Gibbulinopsis gracilis'' *''G ...

'' (Mousson, 1873) * ''Pupilla stoneri'' Chamberlin & Jones, 1929: synonym of '' Gastrocopta pilsbryana'' (Sterki, 1890) * † ''Pupilla submuscorum'' Gottschick & Wenz, 1919: synonym of †

Gibbulinopsis submuscorum ''Gibbulinopsis'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Pupillidae. The species of this genus are found in Asia, Africa, Australia. Species: *''Gibbulinopsis cryptodon'' *''Gibbulinopsis fontana'' *''Gibbulinopsis gracilis'' *''G ...

(Gottschick & Wenz, 1919) * ''Pupilla wolfae'' Tzvetkov, 1940: synonym of ''

'' (Voith, 1840) (junior synonym)

References

* Flach, K. (1890). Palaeontologische Beiträge. Verhandlungen der Physikalisch-Medicinischen Gesellschaft zu Würzburg, Neue Folge. 24(3): 49–59, pl. 1. * Schileyko, A. A. (1984). Nazemnye molljuski podotrjada Pupillina fauny SSSR (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Geophila). In:. Fauna SSSR, Molljuski. III, 3 * Held, F. (1837–1838). Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns. Isis (Oken), 30 (4): 303–309 (1837); 30 (12): 901–919 (1838). Leipzig

External links

Draparnaud, J. P. R. (1801). Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Montpellier / Paris (Renaud / Bossange, Masson & Besson). 1–116

Pilsbry, H. A. (1920–1921). Manual of conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Ser. 2, Pulmonata. Vol. 26: Pupillidae (Vertigininae, Pupillinae). pp i–iv, 1–254, pls 1–24. Philadelphia, published by the Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences

Held, F. (1837–1838). Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns. Isis (Oken), 30 (4): 303–309 (1837); 30 (12): 901–919 (1838). Leipzig

Dall, W. H. (1904). Notes on the nomenclature of the Pupacea and associated forms. The Nautilus. 17(10): 114–116

Cockerell, T. D. A. (1905). Note on the nomenclature of the snails usually called Pupa. The Nautilus. 18(9): 103–105
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3075678 Pupillidae