''Punctum'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of very small air-breathing
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...
s,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...
gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s or
micromollusk
A micromollusc is a shelled mollusc which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine molluscs, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater molluscs also ...
s in the subfamily
Punctinae of the family
Punctidae
Punctidae, common name the "dot snails" or "pinhead snails", is a family (biology), family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra (acco ...
, the dot snails.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Punctum Morse, 1864. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=866756 on 3 March 2022]
Distribution
This genus is found throughout the
Holarctic
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...
ecozone, and also in
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...
and
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
.
Species
The genus ''Punctum'' includes the following species:
The type species is ''Helix minutissima''
Lea, 1841
* ''
Punctum abbadianum''
(Bourguignat, 1883)
* ''
Punctum adami''
Bruggen & Goethem, 2001
* †''
Punctum alveus''
Pierce, 1992
* ''
Punctum amblygonum
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
(Reinhardt, 1877)
* ''
Punctum apertum''
Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum atomus''
Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum azoricum''
De Winter, 1988["Species in genus ''Punctum''"](_blank)
(n=2). AnimalBase, accessed 5 July 2011.
* ''
Punctum blandianum
''Punctum blandianum'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Shell description
The shell of ''P. blandianum'' is between 1.1 and 1.3 mm wide. Th ...
''
Pilsbry, 1900
* ''
Punctum boreale
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905
* ''
Punctum bristoli
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
(Gulick,1904)
* ''
Punctum brucei
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
(Jickeli, 1874)
* ''
Punctum californicum
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
Pilsbry, 1898
* ''
Punctum camerunense
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
de Winter, 2017
* ''
Punctum depressum
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
Odhner, 1922
* ''
Punctum elachistum
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum hainanensis
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
(Möllendorff, 1887)
* ''
Punctum hannai
Punctum, plural puncta, adjective punctate, is an anatomical term for a sharp point or tip. It may also refer to:
Medical
* Lacrimal punctum, a minute opening on the margins of the eyelids that collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
*Bli ...
''
B. Roth, 1985
* ''
Punctum horneri''
Ancey, 1904
* ''
Punctum infans''
Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum japonicum''
Pilsbry, 1900
* ''
Punctum kilimanjaricum''
Verdcourt, 1978
* ''
Punctum lepta''
(Westerlund, 1883)
* ''
Punctum lozeki''
Horsák & Meng, 2018
* ''
Punctum micropleuros''
(Paget, 1854)
* ''
Punctum minutissimum
''Punctum minutissimum'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Shell description
The shell of ''Punctum minutissimum'' is slightly ...
''
I. Lea, 1841 – but ''Helix minutissima'' may be considered as a synonym of ''Punctum pygmaeum''
* ''
Punctum mokotoense''
Abdou & Bouchet, 2000
* ''
Punctum morseanum''
Pilsbry, 1902
* ''
Punctum nimbaense''
de Winter, 2017
* †''
Punctum oligocaenicum''
Zinndorf, 1901
* ''
Punctum orphana''
(Heude, 1882)
* ''
Punctum pallidum''
Connolly, 1922[Wronski T. & Hausdorf B. (2010). "Diversity and body-size patterns of land snails in rain forests in Uganda". '']Journal of Molluscan Studies
The ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Malacological Society of London, covering research in malacology. '' 76(1): 87–100. .
* †''
Punctum parvulum''
Gottschick, 1920
* †''
Punctum parvulum''
A. B. Leonard, 1972 (unreplaced junior homonym; junior homonym of †''Punctum parvulum''
Gottschick, 1920; no replacement name is available))
* †''
Punctum patagonicum''
Miquel & P. E. Rodriguez, 2016
* ''
Punctum petiti''
Fischer-Piette & Vukadinovic, 1971
* ''
Punctum polynesicum''
Solem, 1983
* †''
Punctum propygmaeum''
Andreae, 1904
* †''
Punctum pumilio''
Jooss, 1918
* ''
Punctum pygmaeum''
(Draparnaud
Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud (3 June 1772, Montpellier – 2 February 1804) was a French naturalist, malacologist and botanist. He is considered the father of malacology in France. He was professor of medicine and pathology at the Facul ...
, 1801)[Draparnaud J. P. R. 1801. ''Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France''. pp. ]–2
The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the endash , generally longer than the hyphen ...
1–116. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson). –
type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
* ''
Punctum randolphi''
Dall, 1895
* ''
Punctum rota''
Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
* ''
Punctum seychellarum''
Gerlach, 1998
* ''
Punctum smithi''
Morrison, 1935
* ''
Punctum taiwanicum''
Pilsbry & Hirase, 1905
* ''
Punctum ugandanum''
(E. A. Smith, 1903)
* ''
Punctum ussuriense''
Likharev & Rammelmeyer, 1952
* ''
Punctum vitreum''
H. B. Baker, 1930
;Synonyms:
* ''Punctum (Toltecia)''
Pilsbry, 1926: synonym of ''
Paralaoma
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' ...
''
Iredale, 1913
* ''Punctum abyssinicum''
(Jickeli, 1874): synonym of ''
Trachycystis abyssinica''
(Jickeli, 1874)
* ''Punctum clappi''
Pilsbry, 1898: synonym of ''
Planogyra clappi
''Planogyra clappi'' is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Valloniidae
Valloniidae is a taxonomic family of small and minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.Mo ...
''
(Pilsbry, 1898) (original combination)
* ''Punctum conicum''
Odhner, 1922: synonym of ''
Sinployea conica''
(Odhner, 1922) (original combination)
* ''Punctum conspectum''
(Bland, 1865): synonym of ''
Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
* ''Punctum cryophilum''
(E. von Martens, 1865): synonym of ''Toltecia pusilla''
(Lowe, 1831): synonym of ''
Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852)
* ''Punctum homalospira''
(Morelet, 1883): synonym of ''
Psichion homalospira''
(Morelet, 1883) (
superseded combination
In taxonomy, a superseded combination is a notice of change to the binomial nomenclature of the accepted name of a species. This happens when a species is moved to a new genus after the initial species description. The original name is called a ...
)
* ''Punctum hottentotum''
(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891): synonym of ''
Paralaoma hottentota''
(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891) (superseded combination)
* ''Punctum lederi''
(O. Boettger, 1880): synonym of ''
Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (invalid combination)
* †''Punctum victoris''
(Michaud, 1862): synonym of †''
Lucilla victoris''
(Michaud, 1862)
References
* Fujie, A. (2000). Holocene Fossil Assemblages of Minute Land Molluscs from Sand Dunes on Kikaijima lsland in the Amami Archipelago, Japan. Venus (Journal of the Malacological Society of Japan). 59 (4): 317–324
External links
AnimalBase infoMorse, E. S. (1864). Observations on the terrestrial Pulmonifera of Maine, including a catalogue of all the species of terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusca known to inhabit the state. Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History. 1(1): 1–63, pls 1–10Pfeiffer, L. (1878–1881). Nomenclator heliceorum viventium. [Posthumous work edited by S. Clessin]. Fischer: Cassel. 617 pp. See Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 for section dates. pp. 1–64, 1878; 65–192, 1879; 193–400, 1879–80; 401–546, 1881; 547–617, 1881
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7260039
Gastropod genera
Punctidae