Pulyny (), from 1935 until 2016 called Chervonoarmiisk (, ), is a rural settlement in

Zhytomyr Raion Zhytomyr Raion () is a raion (district) of Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Zhytomyr. The raion covers an area of . Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the numbe ...

Zhytomyr Oblast Zhytomyr Oblast (), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna (), is an Administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately H ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. Prior to the 2020 administrative reform, it was the administrative center of Pulyny Raion. Population: The town was first mentioned in the middle of the twelfth century under the name Chortolisy (). In the annals there was a mention of a "Devil's Wood" () nearby, which presumably lies behind the name; it was so called because of impenetrable thickets, swamps, and the debris of dead trees. Chortolisy was located on one of the ancient paths leading from Kyiv to the lands further west. In the fourteenth century the settlement belonged to the

Grand Duchy of Lithuania The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 Partitions of Poland, ...

, and from the sixteenth century to Polish feudal lords. In 1578, the settlement was mentioned under a new name, Pulyny. From 1793, right-bank Ukraine became part of Russia, the village of Pulyny became part of the

Zhitomir Zhytomyr ( ; see #Names, below for other names) is a city in the north of the western half of Ukraine. It is the Capital city, administrative center of Zhytomyr Oblast (Oblast, province), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding ...

district. Villagers engaged in agriculture and trade. After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, handicrafts and industry developed in the village; there were a candle factory, a furniture factory, two workshops, and a match factory. By the beginning of the twentieth century there were an iron foundry, a steam mill, two breweries, and a brickyard which also manufactured tiles and ceramic ware. By 1899 there was a population of 2,125 people. As a result of the

October Revolution The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Historiography in the Soviet Union, Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of Russian Revolution, two r ...

and the

Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...

, the Soviet government was finally established in Pulyny in June 1920. On June 20, 1930, the town became the administrative center of the Pulin German Autonomous Region (), which included thirty

selsoviet A selsoviet (; , ; ) is the shortened name for Selsky soviet, i.e., rural council (; ; ). It has three closely related meanings: *The administration (''soviet (council), soviet'') of a certain rural area. *The territorial subdivision administered ...

s. From February 1931 it belonged to the

Kyiv Oblast Kyiv Oblast (, ), also called Kyivshchyna (, ), is an Administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special sta ...

. By 1934 the Autonomous Region became subject to serious repression; the low rate of collectivization (only 34 percent, as compared to 98 percent for German colonies in Left Bank Ukraine) was attributed to "kulak-wreckers," and Germans were now often seen as agents of Nazi Germany.Brown, ''A Biography of No Place'', pp. 125-26. The Autonomous Region was liquidated in 1935, and on October 3, 1935, the town was renamed Krasnoarmeysk (). During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, 207 soldiers from the town did not return from the front. In 2016,

Verkhovna Rada The Verkhovna Rada ( ; VR), officially the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, is the unicameralism, unicameral parliament of Ukraine. It consists of 450 Deputy (legislator), deputies presided over by a speaker. The Verkhovna Rada meets in the Verkhovn ...

adopted decision to rename Chervonoarmiisk back to former name Pulyny. Pulyny is the birthplace of the writers Svyatoslav Borodulin, G.Y. Diamant, and Ernst Kontschak. Until 26 January 2024, Pulyny was designated

urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the So ...

. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Pulyny became a rural settlement.

References

Sources

* A. Beznosoye,
ПУЛИНСКИЙ НЕМЕЦКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ РАЙОН
" ''Nemtsy Rossii Entsyklopedia''. {{coord, 50, 27, 59, N, 28, 16, 40, E, source:ukwiki_region:UA_scale:30000, display=title Rural settlements in Zhytomyr Raion Zhitomirsky Uyezd