Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Historic District
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Puget Sound Naval Shipyard is a large military-industrial complex located in
Bremerton, Washington Bremerton is a city in Kitsap County, Washington, Kitsap County, Washington (state), Washington, United States. The population was 43,505 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census and an estimated 44,122 in 2021, making it the largest city ...
along the north shore of Sinclair Inlet, which opens to
Puget Sound Puget Sound ( ; ) is a complex estuary, estuarine system of interconnected Marine habitat, marine waterways and basins located on the northwest coast of the U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington. As a part of the Salish Sea, the sound ...
. This large shipyard is in length along the shore and over a half-mile in width at its greatest distance across. The shipyard has nearly 1,000 facilities such as shipfitters shops, repair shops, drydocks, piers, cranes, crane rails, railways, and tunnels. In addition to the industrial facilities, supporting structures include: residences for officers and enlisted personnel, recreation facilities, boiler, electrical substations, fuel tanks, medical facilities, and canteens. The historic district is just over a tenth of the entire shipyard, of the shipyard's . Its greatest significance was during the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
when it repaired large warships damaged in the Pacific theater.Navy Yard Puget Sound; USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form, Erwin N. Thompson & Ben Levy; National Park Service, Washington Office; December 20, 1990 It was designated a
National Historic Landmark District A National Historic Landmark District (NHLD) is a geographical area that has received recognition from the United States Government that the buildings, landscapes, cultural features and archaeological resources within it are of the highest signific ...
in 1992.


Origins

A board of army engineers recommended a west coast naval station and drydocks on
Puget Sound Puget Sound ( ; ) is a complex estuary, estuarine system of interconnected Marine habitat, marine waterways and basins located on the northwest coast of the U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington. As a part of the Salish Sea, the sound ...
as early as 1867. In 1889, under Capt.
Alfred Thayer Mahan Alfred Thayer Mahan (; September 27, 1840 – December 1, 1914) was a United States Navy officer and historian whom John Keegan called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century." His 1890 book '' The Influence of Sea Pow ...
, USN, the navy began the search for a navy yard in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. The commission recommended Point Turner in Puget Sound, where Bremerton is located. Political opposition from California and Oregon held up the approval and funding until 1891. The Navy purchased , purchased for $9,513, from a Seattle land speculator, William Bremer. Construction began in 1892 with Drydock No. 1. It was completed in April 1896. On April 11, 1897, the became the first ship to dock at the station. In 1902, the station was changed from the Puget Sound Naval Station to the Navy Yard Puget Sound. The
Great White Fleet The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the group of United States Navy battleships that completed a journey around the globe from 16 December 1907, to 22 February 1909, by order of President Foreign policy of the Theodore Roosevelt ...
having completed its world cruise in 1908 returned to the US at the Navy Yard Puget Sound to refuel.at the coaling station.


World War I

Drydock 2 was completed in 1913. Constructed with granite and concrete, the completed drydock was the largest in the US Navy at that time. In 1917, before the United States entered World War I, the Navy Department decided to build ships at the yard. Drydock 3 was constructed for this purpose, although it was not completed until 1919. By the end of the war, the 6,500 workers at Bremerton had undertaken the construction of 42 vessels, including subchasers,
submarines A submarine (often shortened to sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. (It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability.) The term "submarine" is also sometimes used historically or info ...
,
Minesweeper A minesweeper is a small warship designed to remove or detonate naval mines. Using various mechanisms intended to counter the threat posed by naval mines, minesweepers keep waterways clear for safe shipping. History The earliest known usage of ...
, ocean tugs, and
ammunition ships An ammunition ship is an auxiliary ship specially configured to carry ammunition, usually for naval ships and aircraft. An ammunition ship's cargo handling systems, designed with extreme safety in mind, include ammunition hoists with airlocks bet ...
, in addition to 1,700 small boats. Between the two wars, shipbuilding continued. Light cruiser was launched in 1930 and cruiser in 1933. In the 1930s, Drydock 2 was enlarged to accommodate two new aircraft carriers, and .


World War II

Beginning in 1938 and extending into the early 1940s, Navy Yard Puget Sound underwent major improvements, including the construction of 1,000' long Drydocks 4 and 5, which were sufficiently large for the new fast battleships then under construction. New quays, piers, and shop buildings were installed. Two double shipbuilding ways, no longer extant, were constructed for building escort vessels. Five of the battleships damaged on December 7, 1941 at Pearl Harbor came to Bremerton for repairs: , , , , and . The ''Tennessee'' received new 14-inch rifles for her main battery; the anti-aircraft guns were replaced with 20mm and 40mm batteries, and the ship was completely modernized. The ''Nevada'' was extensively rebuilt and sailed from Puget Sound in time for the Aleutian campaign of 1943. The ''California'' had been sunk at Pearl Harbor. She was raised, and towed to Bremerton for repairs. The ''California'' rejoined the battle in January 1944. The ''West Virginia'' was hit by six or seven torpedoes, taking a longer time to repair, rejoining the fleet in July 1944. In January 1944, ''Maryland'' and returned to Puget Sound for rebuilding. Both battleships were returned to the fleet in time for the assault on the
Marianas The Mariana Islands ( ; ), also simply the Marianas, are a crescent-shaped archipelago comprising the summits of fifteen longitudinally oriented, mostly Volcano#Dormant and reactivated, dormant volcanic mountains in the northwestern Pacific Ocean ...
. Other well-known battleships that arrived at the yard during the war included , , , and . When the aircraft carrier ''Saratoga'' was torpedoed in January 1942 by a Japanese submarine, she was sent to Bremerton for repairs and modernization. The hope was to release the carrier for the June
Battle of Midway The Battle of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II, Pacific Theater of World War II that took place on 4–7 June 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of t ...
, but that work was too extensive. Other carriers sent for repairs, included the , , , , , and ''Lexington''. When the
kamikaze , officially , were a part of the Japanese Special Attack Units of military aviators who flew suicide attacks for the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, intending to d ...
entered the war, large numbers of ships were returned for repairs. The destroyer was hit by a kamikaze off Leyte on December 6, 1944; 25 men were killed and 54 men wounded, the superstructure from the forecastle deck up to the stacks was destroyed, and the forward fireroom flooded. The Bremerton yard replaced 90% of the superstructure, between the end of January and mid-April 1945. Kamikaze attacks increased fast turnarounds became a necessity. By the end of the war, the Navy Yard Puget Sound had repaired, overhauled, and modernized 344 fighting ships of all types. On August 12, 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt arrived onboard cruiser . From Drydock 2 the President thanked the workers for their contribution to the war.


Post-war

On December 1, 1945, the navy yard's name was changed to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. After the war, the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility became a tenant at the shipyard. Until 1998, was moored here, and was for a time open to visitors. Inactive ships today include aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, and submarines. Puget Sound Naval Shipyard has remained active since World War II. During the Korean War, it was engaged in a ship activation program. In 1957, construction of guided missile ships began. Since 1961, Puget Sound has been engaged in the repair of both conventional and nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, surface ships, and submarines.


Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Historic Districts

The Puget Sound Naval Shipyard contains five historic districts: #
Officers' Row Historic District The Officers' Row Historic District is a National Historic District in Bremerton, Washington. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It represents the industrial function of Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Shore Facility ...
; #
Puget Sound Radio Station Historic District Puget may refer to: *Puget (surname) *Puget, Vaucluse, a commune in France *Puget, Washington, a community in the United States See also *Puget Creek *Puget Island *Puget Sound *Puget-Ville Puget-Ville (; ) is a commune in the Var department ...
; #
Hospital Reservation Historic District The Hospital Reservation Historic District is located between Radio Station and Officers Row Historic Districts and east of the Marine Reservation Historic District of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Washington, United States. Established i ...
; # Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Historic District; and #
Marine Reservation Historic District The Marine Reservation Historic District is in the northwestern area of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, just west of the Hospital Reservation Historic District. Beginning in 1911 it reached its maximum development, prior to World War II. The ...
. These five units are a comprehensive representation of the historic features of the naval shipyard.


References


Bibliography

*Grulich Architectural and Planning Services. Historic Survey of Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. Bremerton. Washington. Tacoma, Washington: 1985. *Kitsap County Historical Society. Kitsap County History, A Story of Kitsap County and Its Pioneer. Seattle: Dinner and Klein, 1977. *Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Rising Sun in the Pacific. 1931 – April 1942. History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown, 1982 reprint. Preston, Antony. Aircraft Carriers. New York: Galahad Books, 1979. *Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. The First 75 Years. n.p., 1966. *Reh, Louise M. Fifty Dollars an Acre, A History of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. 1891 to 1916. Bremerton: Red Deer Press, 1983. *U.S. Navy. Bureau of Yards and Docks. Building the Navy's Bases in World War II, 2 vols. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1947. *U.S. Navy. Bureau of Yards and Docks 13th Naval District. "General Correspondence of 13th Naval District and Components," and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, "Correspondence Files, 1941–1946," both in Federal Archives and Records Center, Seattle, Washington. {{National Register of Historic Places National Register of Historic Places in Kitsap County, Washington Historic districts in Kitsap County, Washington National Historic Landmarks in Washington (state) Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)