''Puccinia recondita'' is a fungus species and

plant pathogen Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like orga ...

belonging to the order of

Pucciniales Rusts are fungal plant pathogens of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales) causing plant fungal diseases. An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus '' Puccinia'', a ...

and family

Pucciniaceae The Pucciniaceae are a family of rust fungi that cause plant diseases, mainly on cereals such as wheat. The family contains over 4900 species: many of them in the type genus ''Puccinia''. Genera Genera in the Pucciniaceae (with estimated numbers ...

Distribution

This fungal species occurs worldwide.

Biology

It is a

heteroecious A heteroecious parasite is one that requires at least two hosts. The ''primary host'' is the host in which the parasite spends its adult life; the other is the ''secondary host''. Both hosts are required for the parasite to complete its life cy ...

fungus, macrocyclic, and has five distinct life-stages of development: teliospores,

basidiospores A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are pr ...

, and urediniospores on cereal hosts, and pycniospores and aeciospores on the alternative plant hosts.

Host

These fungi are

endoparasite Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The en ...

s mainly infecting species in the families of

Balsaminaceae The Balsaminaceae (commonly known as the balsam family) are a family of dicotyledonous plants, comprising two genera: ''Impatiens'', which consists of over 1000 species, and '' Hydrocera'', consisting of 1 species. The flowering plants may be an ...

Boraginaceae Boraginaceae, the Borago, borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs in 146 to 154 genus, genera with a worldwide distribution. The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single famil ...

, Hydrophyllaceae,

Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae (, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family (biology), family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide. The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 spec ...

and

Poaceae Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivate ...

(especially wheat and rye). ''Puccinia recondita'' was also found to cause 'brown rust' in wheat and

triticale Triticale (; × ''Triticosecale'') is a hybrid of wheat (''Triticum'') and rye (''Secale'') first bred in laboratories during the late 19th century in Scotland and Germany. Commercially available triticale is almost always a second-generation ...

(hybrid of wheat and rye). Symptoms of infestation are yellowish to brown spots and pustules on the leaf surfaces of the host plants. Brown rust is the most widespread and prevalent disease of wheat in South America, and is the most important wheat disease in Mexico. It was originally found on the leaves of a species of ''

Secale ''Secale'' is a genus of the grass Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, t ...

'' (grass) in France.

Subspecies and forms

*''Puccinia recondita'' f.sp. ''secalis'' - causes brown rust of rye. In

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

, ''Puccinia recondita'' ssp. ''borealis'' infects '' Agrostis canina'', ''

Anthoxanthum odoratum ''Anthoxanthum odoratum'' is a short-lived perennial plant, perennial grass, commonly known as sweet vernal grass, that is native to acidic grassland in Eurasia and northern Africa. It is grown as a lawn grass and a house plant, due to its swee ...

'', '' Calamagrostis stricta'', ''

Hierochloe odorata ''Hierochloe odorata'' or ''Anthoxanthum nitens'' (commonly known as sweet grass, manna grass, Mary's grass or vanilla grass, and as holy grass in the United Kingdom, UK, bison grass e.g. by Poland, Polish vodka producers) is an aromatic herb ...

'' and ''

Thalictrum alpinum ''Thalictrum alpinum'' is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names alpine meadow-rue and arctic meadow-rue. It is native to Arctic and alpine regions of North America and Eurasia, including Alaska, northern ...

''.

Gallery

File: Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici on Triticum aestivum uredospores, Bruine roest op gewone tarwe uredosporen (1).jpg, Uredospores File: Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici on Triticum aestivum germinating uredospore, Bruine roest op gewone tarwe uredospore met kiembuis(1).jpg, Germinating uredospores File: Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici on Triticum aestivum, Bruine roest op gewone tarwe.jpg, Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici on ''

Triticum aestivum Common wheat (''Triticum aestivum''), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. About 95% of wheat produced worldwide is common wheat; it is the most widely grown of all crops and the cereal with the highest monetary yield. Ta ...

'' File:Puccinia recondita on Thalictrum flavum 2.jpg, ''Puccinia recondita'' on '' Thalictrum flavum''

Bibliography

*George Baker Cummins: The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos. Springer, Berlin 1971, ISBN 3-540-05336-0.

References

External links

Index Species Fungorum

USDA ARS Fungal Database
{{Authority control Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Rye diseases Wheat diseases recondita Fungi described in 1857 Fungus species