''Psydrax'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae () is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with Petiole ( ...
. It consists of
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...
s,
shrub
A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...
s, and a few
liana
A liana is a long-Plant stem, stemmed Woody plant, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the Canopy (biology), canopy in search of direct sunlight. T ...
s in the
paleotropics
The Paleotropical kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom composed of the tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Part of its flora is inherited fr ...
.
Taxonomy
The genus was
named by
Joseph Gaertner
Joseph Gaertner (12 March 1732 – 14 July 1791) was a German botanist, best known for his work on seeds, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' (1788-1792).
Biography
He was born in Calw, and studied in Göttingen under Albrecht von Haller. H ...
in 1788 in his book, ''
De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum
''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'', also known by its standard botanical abbreviation ''Fruct. Sem. Pl.'', is a three-volume botanic treatise by Joseph Gaertner. The first volume was published in December 1788. The second volume was published ...
''.
''Psydrax'' is a
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
word meaning a blister or bump. Gaertner may have chosen this name to refer to the warty fruit or the pimply seeds of some species.
The
name
A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A person ...
was hardly ever used after Gaertner proposed it because most authors placed these species in ''
Canthium
''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.
Distribution
''Canthium'' species were predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espe ...
''. ''Psydrax'' was reinstated in 1985 and 37 African species were transferred to it from ''
Canthium
''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.
Distribution
''Canthium'' species were predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espe ...
''.
The monospecific genus ''Mesoptera'' was also sunk into ''Psydrax''.
''Psydrax'' was shown to be
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
in a
molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
study
Study or studies may refer to:
General
* Education
**Higher education
* Clinical trial
* Experiment
* Field of study
* Observational study
* Scientific study
* Research
* Study skills, abilities and approaches applied to learning
Other
* Study ...
.
It is closely related to ''
Afrocanthium'', ''
Cyclophyllum'' and ''
Keetia'', genera that have been
segregated from ''
Canthium
''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.
Distribution
''Canthium'' species were predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espe ...
''.
Species
* ''Psydrax acutiflora
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
'' (Hiern) Bridson
* ''Psydrax ammophila
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* ''Psydrax amplifolia
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
'' (Elmer)A.P.Davis
* ''Psydrax ankotekonensis
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* ''Psydrax approximatus
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the Paleotropical Kingdom, paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was Botanical name, named by Joseph Gaertner in 1 ...
'' ( Korth.) Mahyuni & K.M.Wong
* '' Psydrax arnoldiana'' (De Wild. & T.Durand) Bridson
* '' Psydrax attenuata'' (R.Br. ex Benth.) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax austro-orientalis'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax banksii'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax bathieana'' (Cavaco)A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax bridsoniana'' Cheek & Sonké
* '' Psydrax calcicola'' (Craib)A.P.Davis
* '' Psydrax capensis'' J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* '' Psydrax cymigera'' (Valeton)S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* ''Psydrax dicoccos
''Psydrax dicoccos'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is found from southeast China to tropical Asia
Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more ...
'' Gaertn.
* '' Psydrax dunlapii'' (Hutch. & Dalziel) Bridson
* '' Psydrax esirensis'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax fasciculata'' (Blume) A.P.Davis
* '' Psydrax faulknerae'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax ficiformis'' (Hook.f.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax forsteri'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax fragrantissima'' (K.Schum.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax gilletii'' (De Wild.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax graciliflora'' (Merr. & L.M.Perry) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax grandifolia'' (Thwaites) Ridsdale
* '' Psydrax graniticola'' (Chiov.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax gynochthodes'' (Baill.) Arriola, Yayen & Alejandro
* '' Psydrax horizontalis'' (SChumach. & Thonn.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax johnsonii'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax kaessneri'' (S.Moore) Bridson
* '' Psydrax kibuwae'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax kingii'' (Hook.f.) Bridson & Springate
* '' Psydrax kraussioides'' (Hiern) Bridson
* '' Psydrax lamprophylla'' (F.Muell.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax latifolia'' (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax laxiflorens'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax lepida'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax livida'' (Hiern) Bridson
* '' Psydrax locuples'' (K.Schum.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax longipes'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax longistyla'' (Merr.) A.P.Davis
* '' Psydrax lucidulus'' ( Miq.) Mahyuni & K.M.Wong
* '' Psydrax lynesii'' Bullock ex Bridson
* '' Psydrax maingayi'' (Hook.f.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax manambyana'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax manensis'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax martini'' (Dunkley) Bridson
* '' Psydrax micans'' (Bullock) Bridson
* '' Psydrax moandensis'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax moggii'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax montana'' (Thwaites) Ridsdale
* '' Psydrax montigena'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax multiflorus'' Arriola & Alejandro
* '' Psydrax mutimushii'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax nitida'' (Craib) K.M.Wong
* ''Psydrax obovatus
''Psydrax obovatus'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub or tree native to southern Africa, where it ranges from the Cape Provinces to KwaZulu-Natal, the Northern Provinces, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe
fil ...
'' (Klotzsch ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax occidentalis'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* ''Psydrax odorata
''Psydrax odorata'', known as ''alahee'' in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It is native to the Pacific Islands, New Guinea and Australia.
Description
The species range from in height, h ...
'' (G.Forst.
Johann George Adam Forster, also known as Georg Forster (; 27 November 1754 – 10 January 1794), was a German geographer, naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist and revolutionary. At an early age, he accompanied his father, Joha ...
) A.C.Sm. & S.P.Darwin
* '' Psydrax oleifolia'' (Hook.) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax pallida'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax palma'' (K.Schum.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax paludosa'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax paradoxa'' (Virot) Mouly
* '' Psydrax parviflora'' (Afzel.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax pendulina'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax pergracilis'' (Bourd.) Ridsdale
* '' Psydrax polhillii'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax puberula'' Arriola & Alejandro
* '' Psydrax recurvifolia'' (Bullock) Bridson
* '' Psydrax reticulata'' (C.T.White) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax richardsiae'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax rigidula'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax robertsoniae'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax sabahensi'' Mahyuni
* '' Psydrax saligna'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax sambiranensis'' (Cavaco) A.P.Davis & Bridson
* '' Psydrax schimperiana'' (A.Rich.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax sepikensis'' A.P.Davis
* '' Psydrax shuguriensis'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax splendens'' (K.Schum.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax suaveolens'' (S.Moore) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax subcordata'' (DC.) Bridson
* '' Psydrax suborbicularis'' (C.T.White) S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax sumatranus'' ( Miq.) Mahyuni
* '' Psydrax tropica'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.
* '' Psydrax umbellata'' (Wight) Bridson
* '' Psydrax undulatifolius'' K.M.Wong & Mahyuni
* '' Psydrax virgata'' (Hiern) Bridson
* '' Psydrax whitei'' Bridson
* '' Psydrax wongii'' Mahyuni
References
External links
World Checklist of Rubiaceae
''Psydrax''
At
''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum''
At: Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical charac ...
''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum''
at Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American 501(c)(3) organization, non-profit organization founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including web ...
''Psydrax''
At
Plant Name Query
At
IPNI
CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: M-Q
At
Botany & Plant Science
At
Life Science
At
CRC Press
''Psydrax''
A
Index Nominum Genericorum
At
At
''Psydrax''
At
List of Genera
At
Rubiaceae
At
List of families
At
Families and Genera in GRIN
At
Queries
At
GRIN taxonomy for plants
{{Taxonbar, from1=Q3595355, from2=Q7180310
Rubiaceae genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot