Psychoactive Cactus on:
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Many cacti are known to be
Other "peyotes"
*'' Ariocarpus fissuratus''
*'' Coryphantha compacta'' (syn. ''C. palmeri'')
*'' Pelecyphora aselliformis''
*'' Pelecyphora strobiliformis''
*'' Lophophora diffusa''
*'' Ariocarpus retusus''
*'' Ariocarpus agavoides''; '' kotschoubeyanus''; and other species
*'' Astrophytum asterias''; '' capricorne''; '' myriostigma''; and other species
*'' Aztekium ritteri''; and other species
*''Coryphantha elephantidens''; ''macromeris'' (var. ''runyonii''); ''palmeri''; and other species
*''Echinocactus grandis''; '' grusonii''; '' platyacanthus''; ''visnaga''; and other species
*'' Epithelantha micromeris''; and other species
*''Leuchtenbergia principis; and other species
*'' Lophophora'' species
*''Mammillaria craigii''; ''grahamii'' (var. ''oliviae''); ''heyderi''; (''Dolichothele'') ''longimamma''; (''Solisia'') ''pectinifera''; (''Mamillopsis'') ''senilis''; ''sonorensis''; and other species
*''Obregonia denegrii''
*'' Strombocactus disciformis''
*'' Turbinicarpus laui''; '' lophophoroides''; '' jauernigii''; '' (Pelecyphora) pseudopectinatus''; '' schmiedickeanus''; and other species
* '' Echinopsis valida'' (syn. ''E. validus''), 0.025% mescaline *'' Echinopsis werdermannianus''
www.cactus-mall.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Psychoactive Cacti Entheogens Herbal and fungal hallucinogens Flora of the Chihuahuan Desert Flora of Texas Flora of New Mexico Flora of Northeastern Mexico Flora of the Rio Grande valleys Flora of Zacatecas Native American Church Native American religion Huichol Plants used in traditional Native American medicine Psychedelic phenethylamine carriers Cacti of the United States Cacti of Mexico
psychoactive
A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, mind-altering drug, consciousness-altering drug, psychoactive substance, or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that alters psychological functioning by modulating central nervous system acti ...
, containing phenethylamine
Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine, which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans. In the brain, phenethylamine regulates monoamine neurotransmission by binding to trace ami ...
alkaloid
Alkaloids are a broad class of natural product, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids.
Alkaloids are produced by a large varie ...
s such as mescaline
Mescaline, also known as mescalin or mezcalin, and in chemical terms 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a natural product, naturally occurring psychedelic drug, psychedelic alkaloid, protoalkaloid of the substituted phenethylamine class, found ...
. However, the two main ritualistic (folkloric) genera are '' Echinopsis'', of which the most psychoactive species occur in the San Pedro cactus group (including ''Echinopsis pachanoi'', syn. ''Trichocereus pachanoi'', ''Echinopsis Peruviana'', syn. ''Trichocereus peruvianus'' and ''Echinopsis lageniformis'', syn. ''Trichocereus bridgesii''), and '' Lophophora'', with peyote
The peyote (; ''Lophophora williamsii'' ) is a small, spineless cactus which contains psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline. is a Spanish word derived from the Nahuatl (), meaning "caterpillar cocoon", from a root , "to glisten". p. ...
(''Lophophora williamsii'') being the most psychoactive species. Several other species pertaining to other genera are also psychoactive, though not always used with a ritualistic intent.
Species
Globular cacti
*'' Lophophora williamsii'' (peyote)
Other "peyotes"
*'' Ariocarpus fissuratus''
*'' Coryphantha compacta'' (syn. ''C. palmeri'')
*'' Pelecyphora aselliformis''
*'' Pelecyphora strobiliformis''
*'' Lophophora diffusa''
*'' Ariocarpus retusus''
*'' Ariocarpus agavoides''; '' kotschoubeyanus''; and other species
*'' Astrophytum asterias''; '' capricorne''; '' myriostigma''; and other species
*'' Aztekium ritteri''; and other species
*''Coryphantha elephantidens''; ''macromeris'' (var. ''runyonii''); ''palmeri''; and other species
*''Echinocactus grandis''; '' grusonii''; '' platyacanthus''; ''visnaga''; and other species
*'' Epithelantha micromeris''; and other species
*''Leuchtenbergia principis; and other species
*'' Lophophora'' species
*''Mammillaria craigii''; ''grahamii'' (var. ''oliviae''); ''heyderi''; (''Dolichothele'') ''longimamma''; (''Solisia'') ''pectinifera''; (''Mamillopsis'') ''senilis''; ''sonorensis''; and other species
*''Obregonia denegrii''
*'' Strombocactus disciformis''
*'' Turbinicarpus laui''; '' lophophoroides''; '' jauernigii''; '' (Pelecyphora) pseudopectinatus''; '' schmiedickeanus''; and other species
Other
Other North American psychoactive and/or medicinal cacti. *''Carnegiea gigantea'' *''Echinocereus salm-dyckianus'' (var. ''scheeri''); '' triglochidiatus''; and other species *''Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum''; ''pringlei''Arborescent and columnar cacti
''Echinopsis''
*'' Echinopsis lageniformis'' (syn. ''Trichocereus bridgesii'') (Bolivian torch cactus) *'' Echinopsis macrogona'' (syn. ''Trichocereus macrogonus''), > 0.01-0.05% Mescaline *'' Echinopsis pasacana'' ssp. ''atacamensis'' *''Echinopsis pachanoi
''Trichocereus macrogonus'' var. ''pachanoi'' (Synonym (taxonomy), synonyms including ''Trichocereus pachanoi'' and ''Echinopsis pachanoi'') is a fast-growing columnar cactus found in the Andes at in altitude. It is one of a number of kinds of ...
'' (syn. ''Trichocereus pachanoi'') (San Pedro cactus)
*'' Echinopsis peruviana'' (syn. ''Trichocereus peruvianus'') (Peruvian torch cactus)
*'' Echinopsis scopulicola'' (syn. ''Trichocereus scopulicolus''), 0.82% mescaline by dry weight in the outer green layer.
*'' Echinopsis spachiana'' (syn. ''Trichocereus spachianus''), Mescaline; Mescaline
*'' Echinopsis tacaquirensis'' subsp. ''taquimbalensis'' (syn. ''Trichocereus taquimbalensis''), > 0.005-0.025% mescaline
*'' Echinopsis terscheckii'' (syn. ''Trichocereus terscheckii'', ''Trichocereus werdemannianus'') > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline; mescaline 0.01%-2.375%Forbidden Fruit Archives* '' Echinopsis valida'' (syn. ''E. validus''), 0.025% mescaline *'' Echinopsis werdermannianus''
Other
Other South American psychoactive and/or medicinal cacti * ''Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica
''Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica'' (syn. ''Opuntia cylindrica''), the cane cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae.
Distribution and Habitat
It is native to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and it has been introduced to t ...
'' (syn. ''Opuntia cylindrica''), Mescaline
*''Armatocereus laetus''
*'' Browningia'' spp.
* '' Cylindropuntia echinocarpa'' (syn. ''Opuntia echinocarpa''), Mescaline 0.01%, DMPEA 0.01%, 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%
* '' Cylindropuntia spinosior'' (syn. ''Opuntia spinosior''), Mescaline 0.00004%, 3-methoxytyramine 0.001%, tyramine
Tyramine ( ) (also spelled tyramin), also known under several other names, is a naturally occurring trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine acts as a catecholamine releasing agent. Notably, it is unable to cross the bl ...
0.002%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.
*''Epostoa lanata''
*''Matucana madisoniorum''
*''Neoraimondia macrostibas''
*'' Opuntia acanthocarpa'' Mescaline
*'' Opuntia basilaris'' Mescaline 0.01%, plus 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
*''Selenicereus grandiflorus
''Selenicereus grandiflorus'' is a cactus species originating from the Antilles, Mexico and Central America. The species is commonly referred to as queen of the night, night-blooming cereus (though these two terms are also used for other speci ...
''
*''Stetsonia coryne''
See also
* Cactus alkaloids * Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record * List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids * List of plants used for smoking * List of psychoactive plants * List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals *N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (''N'',''N''-DMT), is a serotonergic hallucinogen and investigational drug of the tryptamine family that occurs naturally in many plants and animals, including humans. ...
* Psilocybin mushrooms
Traditional and Indigenous uses
Several world regions have historically used psychoactive cacti for their properties, particularly Indigenous peoples from North America and South America, such as in Mexico and the Andes region. Archaeological studies have found evidence of use going back two thousand years. In 2022, the Peruvian Ministry of Culture declared the traditional use of San Pedro cactus in northern Peru ascultural heritage
Cultural heritage is the heritage of tangible and intangible heritage assets of a group or society that is inherited from past generations. Not all heritages of past generations are "heritage"; rather, heritage is a product of selection by socie ...
. Lophophora williamsii (peyote) is used by the Native American Church
The Native American Church (NAC), also known as Peyotism and Peyote Religion, is a Syncretism, syncretic Native American religion that teaches a combination of traditional Native Americans in the United States, Native American beliefs and eleme ...
(aka Peyotism).
Legality
References
External links
*www.cactus-mall.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Psychoactive Cacti Entheogens Herbal and fungal hallucinogens Flora of the Chihuahuan Desert Flora of Texas Flora of New Mexico Flora of Northeastern Mexico Flora of the Rio Grande valleys Flora of Zacatecas Native American Church Native American religion Huichol Plants used in traditional Native American medicine Psychedelic phenethylamine carriers Cacti of the United States Cacti of Mexico