''Pseudotoma'' is an extinct genus of

predatory Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s belonging to the family

Turridae Turridae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family name for a number of predatory sea snails, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). ...

.MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Pseudotoma Bellardi, 1875 †. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=990283 on 2023-06-10 First appearing 48.6 Ma and believed to go extinct 7.2 Ma. Specimens of ''Pseudotoma'' have been found in Austria, Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, The UK, and The continental United States. The Pseudotoma lived during the

Paleocene epoch The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''palai� ...

of Denmark and Greenland, The

Oligocene epoch The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but t ...

of Mexico, and in the

Pliocene epoch The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58

of Italy

Description

The ovate, fusiform, shell is short and stout. The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...

is about the length of the

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...

is straight, very short, axis impervious. The

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water i ...

is very short and wide. The

anal sulcus The anal sulcus, also called the anal sinus or anal canal, in Gastropods is a notch, a shelly tube at the top of the Aperture (mollusc), aperture. It is the first notch close to the Suture (anatomy), suture. It houses the anal siphon through which t ...

is wide, moderately deep, close to the suture. The spiral

sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...

is feeble. The axial sculpture consists of moderately strong riblets. The operculum is wide, ovate, with apical nucleus. The type species is ''Pleurotoma intorta'' described by Brocchi in 1814.W.H. Dall (1908) Reports on the Mollusca and Brachiopoda, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. vol. 43
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Species

* '' Pseudotoma alazana'' (Cooke 1928)Palaeos
/ref> * † '' Pseudotoma bonellii'' (Bellardi, 1847) * '' Pseudotoma colpophora'' Cossmann, 1889 * '' Pseudotoma coronata'' (Lamarck, 1803) (synonym: ''Fusus coronatus'' Lamarck, 1803) * † '' Pseudotoma escheri'' (Mayer, 1861) * † '' Pseudotoma genei'' (Bellardi, 1847) * † '' Pseudotoma giselae'' R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1891 * '' Pseudotoma heilprini'' Aldrich 1885 * '' Pseudotoma intorta'' Brocchi 1814Fossiles
/ref> * '' Pseudotoma liancurtensis'' (de Boury, 1899) (synonym: ''Genotia liancurtensis'' de Boury, 1899JacquesLerenard: Sur la position systematique des gastropoda eocenes du bassin de Paris-classes-Parvisipho et Siphonalia; Cossmanniana tome 3 nu. 3; mai 1995
/ref> * '' Pseudotoma loustaui'' (Deshayes, 1865) * † '' Pseudotoma pluriplicata'' (Cossmann, 1902) * † '' Pseudotoma praecedens'' Bellardi, 1877 * '' Pseudotoma quieta'' (Deshayes, 1865) * † '' Pseudotoma subintorta'' (d'Orbigny, 1852) * † ''

Pseudotoma subspinosa ''Pseudotoma'' is an extinct genus of predatory sea snails, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks belonging to the family Turridae.MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Pseudotoma Bellardi, 1875 †. Accessed through: World Register of Mari ...

'' O. Boettger, 1896 ;Synonyms: * † ''Pseudotoma huttoni'' Finlay, 1924: synonym of † '' Austrotoma suteri'' (Cossmann, 1916)

References

* Rovereto G. (1899). Prime ricerche sinonimiche sui generi dei Gasteropodi. Atti della Società Ligustica di Scienze Naturale e Geografiche, Genova 10: 101-110 * de Boury E., 1899. Révision des pleurotomes éocènes du Bassin de Paris (suite). La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes (3)29, n° 340: 62-65 * Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, J. Frýda, B. Hausdorf, W. Ponder, Á. Valdés & A. Warén. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1-2): 1–397. * Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: An evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pl. 1-23.

External links

Bellardi L. (1875). Novae pleurotomidarum Pedimonti et Liguriae fossilium: dispositionis prodromus. Bullettino della Società Malacologica Italiana. 1: 16-24

* ttp://www.museogeologico.it/inventario/scheda.php?id=4 Museo Geologico
Società Italiana di Malacologia

MNHN, Paris: Genotia liancurtensis
{{Taxonbar, from=Q20020506 Conoidea Paleocene first appearances Pliocene extinctions