Pseudodaphnella
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''Pseudodaphnella'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s, marine
gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the
family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Raphitomidae Raphitomidae is a Family (biology), family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families" ...
. In the past this generic name, ''Pseudodaphnella'', has been refused recognition by most modern writers, who have distributed its constituents among
Mangilia ''Mangelia'' is a large genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae. The genus has been used for a long time as a wastebasket taxon. There have been many described species, many of which have become synonyms. Among ...
,
Clathurella ''Clathurella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clathurellidae. Description The shell is fusiform or turriculated. The columella lip has no callosity, except a small posterior tooth. There is no operculum. The ...
, or
Daphnella ''Daphnella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae Raphitomidae is a Family (biology), family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Con ...
. Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213-359, pls 42-56
This genus has a morphological close relationship to ''
Kermia ''Kermia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae. This genus is closely related to '' Pseudodaphnella'' Boettger, 1895. They form together a genus-complex with a highly underestimated diversity, leading t ...
.'' Together they form a homogeneous complex. Both are also close to the conoidean genera ''
Exomilus ''Exomilus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae. Description The small shell is, subcylindrical. It contains few whorls. The base is concave. The sculpture consists of radial ribs latticed by spiral co ...
'' Hedley, 1918, ''
Paramontana ''Paramontana'' is a small genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Paramontana Laseron, 1954. Accessed through: World Register of Marine * at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdeta ...
'' Laseron, 1954 and '' Thetidos'' Hedley, 1899


Description

(Original description) The species that the author includes in this group differ from the real ''
Clathurella ''Clathurella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clathurellidae. Description The shell is fusiform or turriculated. The columella lip has no callosity, except a small posterior tooth. There is no operculum. The ...
'' by the slightly less deep, in front as well as behind the same section, the wide
aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
with a short
siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water i ...
and the more regular, finer or coarser grid often predominating in the spiral
sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...
. The outer
lip The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...
is simple, showing fine wrinkles. This section differs sharply from ''
Daphnella ''Daphnella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae Raphitomidae is a Family (biology), family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Con ...
'' through the deep V-line. It is also related to the European section of '' Cordieria'' Monteros and to the fossil group ''
Homotoma ''Homotoma'' is a genus of mostly Palaearctic plant lice in the family Carsidaridae and typical of the subfamily Homotominae Carsidaridae is a bug family in the superfamily Psylloidea Psylloidea is a Taxonomic rank, superfamily of Hemi ...
'' Bell. The coloring is almost always a mixture of white and reddish yellow or reddish brown. As a type species the author takes ''Pleurotoma philippinensis''. (Description by
Charles Hedley Charles Hedley (27 February 1862 – 14 September 1926) was a naturalist, specifically a malacologist. He was born in Britain, but he spent most of his life in Australia. He was the winner of the 1925 Clarke Medal. Early life Hedley was born ...
) The size is rather large. The colour may be various shades of brown or yellow, disposed often in dots on a white, sometimes opaque, ground. There is a small brown
mucronate The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflets) ...
apex The apex is the highest point of something. The word may also refer to: Arts and media Fictional entities * Apex (comics) A-Bomb Abomination Absorbing Man Abraxas Abyss Abyss is the name of two characters appearing in Ameri ...
of two or three
whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). In nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...
s, the first spirally engraved, the next with oblique lattice lines. The adult shell is netted over by elevate spirals and radials enclosing deep oblong meshes. At the points of intersection are small sharp cusps. The
aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
is wide and free from tubercles or plications on the
columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...
side, and generally without a
varix A varix (: varices) is an abnormally dilated blood vessel with a tortuous course. Varices usually occur in the venous system, but may also occur in arterial or lymphatic vessels. Examples of varices include: * Varicose veins, large tortuous veins ...
. The sinus is subsutural, broad, and shallow. There is no fasciole band distinguishable.


Distribution

Species of this genus occur in shallow waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific and
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
. The genus is associated with reef corals, and has a habit of sheltering under loose stones between tide marks.


Species

Species within the genus ''Pseudodaphnella'' include: * ''
Pseudodaphnella alternans ''Pseudodaphnella alternans'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Pseudodaphnella alternans (E. A. Smith, 1882). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species a ...
'' (E. A. Smith, 1882) * ''
Pseudodaphnella attenuata ''Pseudodaphnella attenuata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae. Description The length of the shell attains 11 mm, its diameter 4 mm. (Original description) The lanceolate shell is rath ...
'' Hedley, 1922 * ''
Pseudodaphnella aureotincta ''Pseudodaphnella aureotincta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Pseudodaphnella aureotincta (Hervier, 1897). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species a ...
'' (Hervier, 1897) * ''
Pseudodaphnella barnardi ''Pseudodaphnella barnardi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Pseudodaphnella barnardi (Brazier, 1876). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: htt ...
'' (Brazier, 1876) * ''
Pseudodaphnella boholensis ''Pseudodaphnella boholensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Pseudodaphnella boholensis Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012. Accessed through: World R ...
'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * ''
Pseudodaphnella cnephaea ''Pseudodaphnella cnephaea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Pseudodaphnella cnephaea (Melvill & Standen, 1896). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...
'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896) * '' Pseudodaphnella crasselirata'' (Hervier, 1897) * '' Pseudodaphnella crypta'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * '' Pseudodaphnella daedala'' (Reeve, 1846) * '' Pseudodaphnella dichroma'' (Sturany, 1903) * '' Pseudodaphnella epicharis'' (Sturany, 1903) * '' Pseudodaphnella excellens'' (Sowerby III, 1913) * '' Pseudodaphnella fallax'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * '' Pseudodaphnella gealei'' (Smith E.A., 1882) * '' Pseudodaphnella granicostata'' (Reeve, 1846) * '' Pseudodaphnella hadfieldi'' (Melvill & Standen, 1895) * '' Pseudodaphnella infrasulcata'' (Garrett, 1873) * '' Pseudodaphnella intaminata'' (Gould, 1860) * '' Pseudodaphnella kilburni'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * '' Pseudodaphnella lemniscata'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869) * '' Pseudodaphnella leuckarti'' (Dunker, 1860) * '' Pseudodaphnella lineata'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * '' Pseudodaphnella lucida'' (E. A. Smith, 1884) * '' Pseudodaphnella martensi'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875) * '' Pseudodaphnella nebulosa'' (Pease, 1860) * '' Pseudodaphnella nexa'' (Reeve, 1845) * '' Pseudodaphnella nodorete'' (May, 1916) * '' Pseudodaphnella nympha'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * '' Pseudodaphnella oligoina'' Hedley, 1922 * '' Pseudodaphnella phaeogranulata'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * '' Pseudodaphnella philippinensis'' (Reeve, 1843) * '' Pseudodaphnella pulchella'' (Pease, 1860) * '' Pseudodaphnella punctifera'' (Garrett, 1873) * '' Pseudodaphnella pustulata'' (Angas, 1877) * '' Pseudodaphnella ramsayi'' (Brazier, 1876) * '' Pseudodaphnella retellaria'' Hedley, 1922 * '' Pseudodaphnella rottnestensis'' Cotton, 1947 * '' Pseudodaphnella rubroguttata'' (H. Adams, 1872) * '' Pseudodaphnella rufolirata'' (Hervier, 1897) * '' Pseudodaphnella santoa'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * '' Pseudodaphnella sonjae'' Raines, 2024 * '' Pseudodaphnella spyridula'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896) * '' Pseudodaphnella stipata'' Hedley, 1922 * '' Pseudodaphnella sudafricana'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * '' Pseudodaphnella tincta'' (Reeve, 1846) * '' Pseudodaphnella variegata'' Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 * '' Pseudodaphnella virgo'' (Schepman, 1913) ;Species brought into synonymy : * ''Pseudodaphnella albifuniculata'' Reeve, 1846: synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella tincta'' (Reeve, 1846) * ''Pseudodaphnella caelata'' Garrett 1873: synonym of '' Lienardia caelata'' (Garrett, 1873) * ''Pseudodaphnella canistra'' Hedley, 1922: synonym of ''
Kermia canistra ''Kermia canistra'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae. Description The length of the shell attains 12 mm. (Original description) The subulate shell is rather solid. The adult shell contains s ...
'' (Hedley, 1922) * ''Pseudodaphnella cavernosa'' (Reeve, 1845): synonym of '' Kermia cavernosa'' (Reeve, 1845) * ''Pseudodaphnella centrosa'' Pilsbry, 1904 : synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella tincta'' (Reeve, 1846) * ''Pseudodaphnella corrugata'' Carpenter, 1865: synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella nebulosa'' (Pease, 1860) * ''Pseudodaphnella corrugata'' Dunker, 1871 : synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella tincta'' (Reeve, 1846) * ''Pseudodaphnella decaryi'' (Dautzenberg 1932): synonym of '' Mangelia decaryi'' Dautzenberg, 1932 * ''Pseudodaphnella ephela'' Hervier, R.P.J., 1897: synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella hadfieldi'' (Melvill & Standen, 1895) * ''Pseudodaphnella episema'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896): synonym of '' Kermia episema'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896) * ''Pseudodaphnella exilis'' Pease 1860 : synonym of '' Paramontana exilis'' (Pease, 1860) * ''Pseudodaphnella fusoides'' (Reeve, 1843): synonym of '' Paraclathurella gracilenta'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Pseudodaphnella granicosta'' Reeve, 1846: synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella granicostata'' (Reeve, 1846) * ''Pseudodaphnella granosa'' (Dunker 1871): synonym of '' Kermia granosa'' (Dunker, 1871) * ''Pseudodaphnella harenula'' Hedley, 1922: synonym of '' Kermia harenula'' (Hedley, 1922) * ''Pseudodaphnella iospira'' Hervier, 1897: synonym of '' Hemilienardia iospira'' (Hervier, 1896) * ''Pseudodaphnella maculosa'' (Pease, 1860): synonym of ''
Daphnella ornata ''Daphnella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae. Not to be confused with ''Daphnella'' Baird, 1850, a synonym of '' Diaphanosoma'' Fischer, 1850 belonging to the Sididae, a family of ctenopods. De ...
'' R.B. Hinds, 1844 * ''Pseudodaphnella mayana'' Hedley, 1922: synonym of '' Paramontana mayana'' (Hedley, 1922) * ''Pseudodaphnella modesta'' (Angas, 1877): synonym of '' Paramontana modesta'' (Angas, 1877) * ''Pseudodaphnella phaedra'' (Hervier, 1897): synonym of '' Kermia daedalea'' (Garrett, 1873) * ''Pseudodaphnella punicea'' Hedley, 1922: synonym of '' Paramontana punicea'' (Hedley, 1922 ) * ''Pseudodaphnella rufinodis'' Von Martens, 1880: synonym of ''Pseudodaphnella granicostata'' (Reeve, 1846) * ''Pseudodaphnella rufozonata'' Angas, 1877: synonym of '' Paramontana rufozonata'' (Angas, 1877) * ''Pseudodaphnella tessellata'' (Hinds, 1843): synonym of ''
Kermia tessellata ''Kermia tessellata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae. Description The shell grows to a length of 10 mm The whorls are granular, decussated with longitudinal and spiral lines. They are pai ...
'' (Hinds, 1843)


References

* Powell, A.W.B. 1966. T''he molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species.'' Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. Auckland, New Zealand 5: 1–184, pls 1–23 Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Raphitomidae
{{Taxonbar">from=Q3723668 Raphitomidae Gastropod genera