Pseudergolinae is a small

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

of nymphalid brush-footed

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

. It is considered to include only seven species in four genera distributed mainly in the Oriental region.Wahlberg, Niklas and Andrew V. Z. Brower. 2009. Pseudergolinae Jordan 1898. Version 18 November 2009 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Pseudergolinae/69948/2009.11.18 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

Systematics

The circumscription of Pseudergolinae has seen some changes in the recent years, when it was first suggested that the tribes Cyrestini and Pseudergolini formed a monophyletic clade with subfamily status under the name Cyrestinae,Niklas Wahlberg, Elisabet Weingartner, and Sören Nylin 2003 ''Towards a better understanding of the higher systematics of Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28: 473–484. but then the tribes were split again—with subfamily status—as their positions within the Nymphalidae were defined more clearly.N. Wahlberg, J. Leneveu, U. Kodandaramaiah, C. Peña, S. Nylin, A. V. L. Freitas, and A. V. Z. Brower 2009 ''Nymphalid butterflies diversify following near demise at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary'' Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 276: 4295–4302. It is now considered to be the sister group to the larger nymphaline clade, which includes the

Nymphalinae The Nymphalinae are a subfamily of brush-footed butterflies (family (biology), family Nymphalidae). Sometimes, the subfamilies Limenitidinae, and Biblidinae are included here as subordinate tribe (biology), tribe(s), while the tribe Melitaeini is ...

Cyrestinae Cyrestinae is a small subfamily of nymphalid brush-footed butterflies. It is considered to include only three genera – ''Marpesia'', ''Chersonesia'', and ''Cyrestis'' – distributed in the tropics.N. Wahlberg, J. Leneveu, U. Kodandaramaiah, ...

Apaturinae The Apaturinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes many species commonly called emperors. Description Strikingly-coloured, with cryptic underwing. A distinguishing character of the subfamily is the green proboscis. Agathina emperor ( ...

and

Biblidinae Biblidinae is a subfamily of Nymphalidae, nymphalid butterflies that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the Limenitidinae, but they are now recognized as quite distinct lineages. In older literature, ...

. Four genera are recognized in the subfamily: *'' Amnosia'' *'' Pseudergolis'' *'' Stibochiona'' *'' Dichorragia''

References

- Butterfly subfamilies {{Nymphalidae-stub