''Provanna'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Provannidae Provannidae is a family of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfmaily Abyssochrysoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 and updated in 2008 by Kaim et al.).MolluscaBase eds. (2021) ...

. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ...

seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 million years ago). The Caribbean and the Pacific fauna were isolated about 3 million years ago by the closure of the

Central American Isthmus Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Central America is usually ...

Description

The apical whorls of the

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called " ...

are lacking through decollation. The opening is then sealed with a calcareous plug. The sculpture of the ovate fusiform shell shows scattered sigmoidal axial ribs that are crossed by spiral cords. The whorls are broad.

Habitat

They are common in

hydrothermal vents Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hots ...

, hydrocarbon cold seeps and (more rarely) on deep-water food-falls, depending on the species. Most species feed on filamentous bacteria, while others feed on

detritus In biology, detritus ( or ) is organic matter made up of the decomposition, decomposing remains of organisms and plants, and also of feces. Detritus usually hosts communities of microorganisms that colonize and decomposition, decompose (Reminera ...

Species

Species within the genus ''Provanna'' include: * '' Provanna abyssalis'' Okutani & Fujikura, 2002 * '' Provanna admetoides'' Warén & Ponder, 1991 * † ''

Provanna alexi ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 ...

'' Amano & Little, 2014 * † ''

Provanna antiqua ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 ...

'' Squires, 1995 * † '' Provanna azurini'' Kiel, Aguilar & Kase, 2020 * ''

Provanna beebei ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous se ...

'' Linse, Nye, Copley & C. Chen, 2019 * '' Provanna buccinoides'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 * ''

Provanna chevalieri ''Provanna chevalieri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description & Characteristics Provanna chevalieri is a species of gastropod in the family Provannidae. It is known for its unique shell m ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009 * ''

Provanna cingulata ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 ...

'' C. Chen, Watanabe & Ohara, 2018 * ''

Provanna clathrata ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 ...

'' Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016 * ''

Provanna cooki ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 ...

'' Linse, Nye, Copley & C. Chen, 2019 * ''

Provanna fenestrata ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 ...

'' C. Chen, Watanabe & Sasaki, 2019 * † ''

Provanna fortis ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 ...

'' Hybertsen & Kiel, 2018 * ''

Provanna glabra ''Provanna glabra'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description Distribution ''Provanna glabra'' lives in the Northwest Pacific. The most sightings have been reported in Japan, but it has als ...

'' Okutani, Tsuchida & Fujikura, 1992 * ''

Provanna goniata ''Provanna goniata'' is a species of deep-sea sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs in East Pacific hydrothermal vent Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986 * † ''

Provanna hirokoae ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous se ...

'' Amano & Little, 2014 * ''

Provanna ios ''Provanna ios'' is a species of deep-sea sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description Distribution This species occurs in East Pacific hydrothermal vents at the Galapagos Rift. References * Warén A. & Bo ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986 * ''

Provanna kuroshimensis ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 ...

'' Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016 * ''

Provanna laevis ''Provanna laevis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs off the Guaymas Transform Ridge, Gulf of California The Gulf of California (), also ...

'' Warén & Ponder, 1991 * ''

Provanna lomana ''Provanna lomana'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs off Point Loma Point Loma ( Spanish: ''Punta de la Loma'', meaning "Hill Point"; K ...

'' (Dall, 1918) * ''

Provanna lucida ''Provanna'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. The species was named after Dall's first wife. This is a very old genus with species already existing in Cretaceous seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 m ...

'' Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016 * ''

Provanna macleani ''Provanna macleani'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description Distribution This species occurs near East Pacific hydrothermal vent Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the seabed from w ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989 * † '' Provanna marshalli'' Saether, Little & K. A. Campbell, 2010 * '' Provanna muricata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986 * † '' Provanna nakagawaensis'' Kaim, Jenkins & Hikida, 2009 * '' Provanna nassariaeformis'' Okutani, 1990 * '' Provanna pacifica'' (Dall, 1908) * † '' Provanna pelada'' Kiel, Hybertsen, Hyžný & Klompmaker, 2019 * '' Provanna reticulata'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009 * ''

Provanna sculpta ''Provanna sculpta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Distribution This species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico, off Louisiana. Description The maximum recorded shell Shell may refer to: Archi ...

'' Warén & Ponder, 1991 * ''

Provanna segonzaci ''Provanna segonzaci'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs in hydrothermal vents off the Valufa Ridge, southeast of Fiji Fiji, offic ...

'' Warén & Ponder, 1991 * '' Provanna shinkaiae'' Okutani & Fujikura, 2002 * '' Provanna stephanos'' C. Chen, Watanabe & Sasaki, 2019 * '' Provanna subglabra'' Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016 *† '' Provanna tappuensis'' Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008 *† '' Provanna urahoroensis'' Amano & Jenkins, 2013 * ''

Provanna variabilis ''Provanna variabilis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs at hydrothermal vents off the Juan de Fuca Ridge The Juan de Fuca Ridge is a Mid- ...

'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986 Several fossil species have been described, predominantly identified from hydrocarbon seep deposits (Saether et al., 2010), including: * ''

'' Squires & Goedert, 1995 Steffen Kiel, New Records and Species of Molluscs from Tertiary Cold-Seep Carbonates in Washington State, USA; Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 80, No. 1 (Jan., 2006), pp. 121-137 * '' Provanna marshalli'' Saether, Little & Campbell, 2010 * '' Provanna nakagawaensis'' Kaim, Jenkins & Hikida, 2009 * '' Provanna tappuensis'' Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008 There also are several fossil species known, but not formally described and named, from Central America, Japan, and possibly the Philippines (see Saether et al., 2010). ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Provanna marianensis'' Okutani & Fujikura, 1990: synonym of ''

Desbruyeresia marianensis ''Desbruyeresia marianensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs in hydrothermal vents and seeps, Marianas Trench The Mariana Trench is ...

'' (Okutani & Fujikura, 1990)

References

* Healy, J. M. 1990. ''Taxonomic affinities of the deep-sea genus Provanna: new evidence from sperm structure''; J. Molluscan Stud. 56: 119-122 * Warén, A. & Bouchet, P. (1993). New records, species, genera, and a new family of gastropods from hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps. Zoologica Scripta. 22: 1-90. * Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. 2009 ''Recent Mollusca''. pp 196–219 in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.), ''The New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia''. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch * Saether, K.P., Little, C.T.S. & Campbell, K.A. (2010) ''A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand.'' ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' 55, 507–517.

External links

Dall, W. H. (1918). ''Description of new species of shells, chiefly from Magdalena Bay, Lower California.'' Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 31: 5-8

Sasaki T., Ogura T., Watanabe H.K. & Fujikura K. (2016). Four new species of Provanna (Gastropoda: Provannidae) from vents and a seep off Nansei-shoto area, southwestern Japan. Venus. 74 (1-2): 1-17
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7252287 Provannidae