The Manubaran languages are a small family of

Trans–New Guinea languages Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands, a region corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is perhaps ...

spoken around Mount Brown in the "

Bird's Tail The Papuan Peninsula, also known as the Bird's Tail Peninsula, is a large peninsula in Papua New Guinea, southeast of the city of Lae, that makes up the southeastern portion of the island of New Guinea. The peninsula is the easternmost extent of ...

" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.

Languages

The languages are Doromu and

Maria Maria may refer to: People * Mary, mother of Jesus * Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages Place names Extraterrestrial * 170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877 * Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, ...

, and are 63% lexically similar.

Proto-language

Phonemes

Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:New Guinea World, Mount Brown
/ref> : Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.

Pronouns

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: :

Basic vocabulary

Usher (2020)

Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Mount Brown and Proto-Doromu-Koki, as well as Proto-Gebi and Proto-Maria, by Usher (2020) are: :

Ross (2014)

The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Manubaran and lower-level reconstructions by Malcolm Ross (2014) are from the Trans-New Guinea database: :

Evolution

reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are: *''ama'' ‘mother’ < *am(a,i) *''baba(e)'' ‘father’ < *mbapa *''kuyau'' ‘

cassowary Cassowaries (; Biak: ''man suar'' ; ; Papuan: ''kasu weri'' ) are flightless birds of the genus ''Casuarius'', in the order Casuariiformes. They are classified as ratites, flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bones. Cassowaries a ...

’ < *ku(y)a *''ita(isa)'' ‘tree’ < *inda

References

External links

* Timothy Usher, New Guinea World
Owen Stanley Range
* (ibid.
Proto–Mount Brown
{{Papuan languages Owen Stanley Range languages Languages of Central Province (Papua New Guinea)