''Protium'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of more than 140

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Burseraceae The Burseraceae are a moderate-sized family of 17-19 genera and about 540 species of woody flowering plants. The actual numbers given in taxonomic sources differ according to taxonomic revision at the time of writing. The Burseraceae are also ...

. It is native to the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeog ...

from northern Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil, and to

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

, the

Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakista ...

Indochina Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to th ...

, southern China, the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...

, and

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

. The genus had been included in ''

Bursera ''Bursera'' is a genus with about 100 described species of flowering shrubs and trees varying in size up to high. It is the type genus for Burseraceae. The trees are native (often for many species endemic) to the Americas, from the southern Uni ...

'', but is distinct. The species are usually small or medium-sized

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...

s, but some can be large, up to tall. In their native range, some species are grown for

timber Lumber is wood that has been processed into uniform and useful sizes (dimensional lumber), including beams and planks or boards. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as finishing (floors, wall panels, window frames). ...

, used as

firewood Firewood is any wooden material that is gathered and used for fuel. Generally, firewood is not heavily processed, and is in some sort of firelog, recognizable log or branch form, compared to other forms of wood fuel like pellet fuel, pellets. ...

, as

medicinal plant Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical compounds for various functions, including Plant defense against h ...

s, for their

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...

, their resin (

Copal Copal is a tree resin, particularly the aromatic resins from the copal tree '' Protium copal'' ( Burseraceae) used by the cultures of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica as ceremonially burned incense and for other purposes. More generally, copal includ ...

) or in other cultural contexts.

Species

151 species are accepted. * ''

Protium acrense Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' * ''

Protium aguilarii Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' * ''

Protium aidanianum Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' * ''

Protium altissimum Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' * ''

Protium altsonii Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' * ''

Protium alvarezianum Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' * ''

Protium amazonicum Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' * ''

Protium amplum Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

Protium giganteum Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' * '' Protium glabrescens'' * '' Protium glabrum'' * '' Protium glaucescens'' * '' Protium glaucum'' * '' Protium glaziovii'' * '' Protium glomerulosum'' * '' Protium goudotianum'' * '' Protium grandifolium'' * '' Protium guacayanum'' * '' Protium guianense'' * '' Protium hammelii'' * '' Protium hebetatum'' Daly * ''

Protium heptaphyllum ''Protium heptaphyllum'', also known as almécega, breu, and almíscar, is a species of tree from South America commonly found in the areas of Brazil, the The Guianas, Guyanas, and Venezuela. The plant is typically harvested by locals for resin, f ...

'' (Aubl.) Marchand * '' Protium herbertii'' * ''

Protium icicariba Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' (= ''Icica icicariba'') * '' Protium inodorum'' * '' Protium insigne'' * ''

Protium javanicum Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s). Of these, H is ...

'' * '' Protium kleinii'' * '' Protium klugii'' * '' Protium krukoffii'' * '' Protium laxiflorum'' * '' Protium leptostachyum'' * '' Protium llanorum'' * '' Protium macgregorii'' * '' Protium macrocarpum'' * '' Protium macrophyllum'' * '' Protium macrosepalum'' * '' Protium madagascariense'' * '' Protium maestrense'' * '' Protium mcleodii'' * '' Protium melinonis'' * '' Protium meridionale'' * '' Protium minutiflorum'' * '' Protium montanum'' * '' Protium morii'' * '' Protium mucronatum'' * '' Protium multijugum'' * '' Protium multiramiflorum'' * '' Protium nervosum'' * '' Protium nitidifolium'' * '' Protium nodulosum'' * '' Protium obtusifolium'' (Lam.) Marchand (= ''Dammara graveolens'') * '' Protium occhionii'' * '' Protium occultum'' * '' Protium opacum'' * '' Protium ovatum'' * '' Protium oxapampae'' * '' Protium pallidum'' * '' Protium panamense'' * '' Protium paniculatum'' * '' Protium pecuniosum'' * '' Protium peruvianum'' * '' Protium pilosellum'' * '' Protium pilosissimum'' * '' Protium pilosum'' * '' Protium pittieri'' * '' Protium plagiocarpium'' * '' Protium polybotryum'' * '' Protium prancei'' * '' Protium pristifolium'' * '' Protium ptarianum'' * '' Protium pullei'' * '' Protium puncticulatum'' * '' Protium ravenii'' * '' Protium reticulatum'' * '' Protium retusum'' * '' Protium rhoifolium'' * '' Protium rhynchophyllum'' * '' Protium robustum'' * '' Protium rubrum'' * '' Protium sagotianum'' * '' Protium santamariae'' * '' Protium serratum'' * '' Protium spruceanum'' * '' Protium stevensonii'' * '' Protium strumosum'' * '' Protium subacuminatum'' * '' Protium subserratum'' * '' Protium surinamense'' * '' Protium tenuifolium'' * '' Protium tonkinense'' * '' Protium tonyanum'' * '' Protium tovarense'' * '' Protium trifoliolatum'' * '' Protium unifoliolatum'' * '' Protium urophyllidium'' * '' Protium varians'' * '' Protium veneralense'' * '' Protium vestitum'' * '' Protium warmingianum'' * '' Protium widgrenii''

Engl. Engl or Engl. may refer to: *England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more ...

* '' Protium yanachagae'' * '' Protium yunnanense''

Uses

* Caranna, medicinal gum

References

Flora of Pakistan
(treats species in the genus ''Bursera'') Burseraceae genera Taxa named by Nicolaas Laurens Burman {{Sapindales-stub