Proof most often refers to: *

Proof (truth) A proof is Necessity and sufficiency, sufficient evidence or a sufficient argument for the truth of a proposition. The concept applies in a variety of disciplines, with both the nature of the evidence or justification and the criteria for suffi ...

, argument or sufficient evidence for the truth of a proposition *

Alcohol proof Alcohol proof (usually termed simply "proof" in relation to a beverage) is a measure of the content of ethanol (alcohol) in an alcoholic beverage. The term was originally used in England and from 1816 was equal to about 1.75 times the percentage ...

, a measure of an alcoholic drink's strength Proof may also refer to:

Mathematics and formal logic

Formal proof In logic and mathematics, a formal proof or derivation is a finite sequence of sentences (known as well-formed formulas when relating to formal language), each of which is an axiom, an assumption, or follows from the preceding sentences in the s ...

, a construct in proof theory *

Mathematical proof A mathematical proof is a deductive reasoning, deductive Argument-deduction-proof distinctions, argument for a Proposition, mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions logically guarantee the conclusion. The argument may use othe ...

, a convincing demonstration that some mathematical statement is necessarily true *

Proof complexity In logic and theoretical computer science, and specifically proof theory and computational complexity theory, proof complexity is the field aiming to understand and analyse the computational resources that are required to prove or refute statements. ...

, computational resources required to prove statements *

Proof procedure {{Short description, Systematic method for producing proofs In logic, and in particular proof theory, a proof procedure for a given logic is a systematic method for producing proofs in some proof calculus of (provable) statements. Types of proof ...

, method for producing proofs in proof theory *

Proof theory Proof theory is a major branchAccording to , proof theory is one of four domains mathematical logic, together with model theory, axiomatic set theory, and recursion theory. consists of four corresponding parts, with part D being about "Proof The ...

, a branch of mathematical logic that represents proofs as formal mathematical objects * Statistical proof, demonstration of degree of certainty for a hypothesis

Law and philosophy

Evidence Evidence for a proposition is what supports the proposition. It is usually understood as an indication that the proposition is truth, true. The exact definition and role of evidence vary across different fields. In epistemology, evidence is what J ...

, information which tends to determine or demonstrate the truth of a proposition *

Evidence (law) The law of evidence, also known as the rules of evidence, encompasses the rules and legal principles that govern the proof of facts in a legal proceeding. These rules determine what evidence must or must not be considered by the trier of fa ...

, tested evidence or a legal proof *

Legal burden of proof In a legal dispute, one party has the burden of proof to show that they are correct, while the other party has no such burden and is presumed to be correct. The burden of proof requires a party to produce evidence to establish the truth of facts ...

, duty to establish the truth of facts in a trial *

Philosophic burden of proof The burden of proof (Latin: ''onus probandi'', shortened from ''Onus probandi incumbit ei qui dicit, non ei qui negat'' – the burden of proof lies with the one who speaks, not the one who denies) is the obligation on a party in a dispute to pro ...

, obligation on a party in a dispute to provide sufficient warrant for their position *

Probate In common law jurisdictions, probate is the judicial process whereby a will is "proved" in a court of law and accepted as a valid public document that is the true last testament of the deceased; or whereby, in the absence of a legal will, the e ...

, the judicial process whereby a will is "proved" in a court of law and accepted as valid

Manufacturing and printing

Artist's proof An artist's proof is an impression (copy) of a limited edition (printmaking), edition print that is reserved for the artist and not counted in the edition number. It is usually pencilled as "A/P" to indicated this. By convention they are not usuall ...

, a single print taken during the printmaking process *

Galley proof In printing and publishing, proofs are the preliminary versions of publications meant for review by authors, editors, and proofreaders, often with extra-wide margins. Galley proofs may be uncut and unbound, or in some cases electronically tra ...

, a preliminary version of a publication *

Prepress proof A contract proof usually serves as an agreement between customer and printer and as a color reference guide for adjusting the press before the final press run. Most contract proofs are a prepress proof. The primary goal of proofing is to serve ...

, a facsimile of press artwork for job verification *

Proof coinage Proof coinage refers to special early samples of a coin issue, historically made for checking the die (manufacturing), dies (as in demonstrating that something is true) and for archival purposes. In modern times, proofs are often struck in grea ...

, coins once made as a test, but now specially struck for collectors *

Proof of concept A proof of concept (POC or PoC), also known as proof of principle, is an inchoate realization of a certain idea or method in order to demonstrate its feasibility or viability. A proof of concept is usually small and may or may not be complete ...

, demonstration that a concept has practical potential *

Proof test A proof test is a form of stress test to demonstrate the fitness of a load-bearing or impact-experiencing structure. An individual proof test may apply only to the unit tested, or to its design in general for mass-produced items. Such a struct ...

, stress test of structures such as vessels and weapons *

Proofreading Proofreading is a phase in the process of publishing where galley proofs are compared against the original manuscripts or graphic artworks, to identify transcription errors in the typesetting process. In the past, proofreaders would place corr ...

, reviewing a manuscript for errors or improvements

People

* Proof (rapper) (1973–2006), American rapper and member of D12 *

Sam Proof Samuel Proof (born May 24, 1973) is an American actor and writer known for his role as Raz on the television series '' Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!'', and for his award-nominated webseries ''The Sam Proof Show'' and ''The Path to Publica ...

(born 1974), U.S. actor

Places

Proof School Proof School is a secondary school in San Francisco that offers a mathematics-focused liberal arts education. Currently, 125 students in grades 6–12 are enrolled in Proof School for the academic year (2024-2025). The school was co-founded by De ...

, San Francisco, California, USA; a secondary school

Arts and entertainment and media

Film, television, and theatre

* ''Proof'' (play), a 2000 play by David Auburn

Film

* ''Proof'', a 1980 student film by Kevin Reynolds, expanded to ''

Fandango Fandango is a lively partner dance originating in Portugal and Spain, usually in triple metre, triple meter, traditionally accompanied by guitars, castanets, tambourine or hand-clapping. Fandango can both be sung and danced. Sung fandango is u ...

'' * ''Proof'' (1991 film), an Australian film by Jocelyn Moorhouse * ''Proof'' (2005 film), a film by John Madden, based on the 2000 play by David Auburn

Television

* ''Proof'' (2004 TV series), an Irish drama/thriller * ''Proof'' (2015 TV series), an American medical/supernatural drama * "Proof" (''Devious Maids''), a television episode

Literature

* ''Proof'' (comics), a comic series from Image Comics * "Proof", a 1942 science fiction short story by Hal Clement * '' PROOF!'', a magazine published by Lynne McTaggart * ''Proof'', print magazine of online platform '' The Justice Gap''

Music

Albums and records

* ''Proof'', an album by Emily Elbert, 2010 * ''Proof'', an EP by Colour Coding, 2012 * ''Proof'' (album), an anthology album by BTS, 2022

Songs and singles

* "Proof" (I Am Kloot song), 2003 * "Proof" (Paul Simon song), 1991 * "Proof"/"No Vain", a single by Mell, 2007 * "Proof", a song by Angela, 2004 * "Proof", a song by Chris Brown from ''

Royalty Royalty may refer to: * the mystique/prestige bestowed upon monarchs ** one or more monarchs, such as kings, queens, emperors, empresses, princes, princesses, etc. *** royal family, the immediate family of a king or queen-regnant, and sometimes h ...

'', 2015 * "Proof", a song by Coldplay, a B-side of the single "

Speed of Sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elasticity (solid mechanics), elastic medium. More simply, the speed of sound is how fast vibrations travel. At , the speed of sound in a ...

", 2005 * "Proof", a song by Happy Rhodes from '' Many Worlds Are Born Tonight'', 1998 * "Proof", a song by Paramore from ''

Paramore Paramore is an American rock band formed in Franklin, Tennessee, in 2004. Since 2017, the band's lineup includes lead vocalist Hayley Williams, lead guitarist Taylor York, and drummer Zac Farro. Williams and Farro are founding members of ...

'', 2013