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Progress and Development (, ''Kidma VePituah''; ) was an
Arab satellite list The Arab satellite lists () or Arab lists () were Israeli Arab satellite parties formed for the purposes of electoral support of Mapai (and later the Labor Party), and other Zionist parties between 1948 and the mid-1970s.Rebecca Kook: "For the ...
in
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
.


History

Progress and Development was established in 1959, drawing its support from the
Galilee Galilee (; ; ; ) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon consisting of two parts: the Upper Galilee (, ; , ) and the Lower Galilee (, ; , ). ''Galilee'' encompasses the area north of the Mount Carmel-Mount Gilboa ridge and ...
area. Like other Israeli Arab parties at the time, it was associated with
David Ben-Gurion David Ben-Gurion ( ; ; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary List of national founders, national founder and first Prime Minister of Israel, prime minister of the State of Israel. As head of the Jewish Agency ...
's
Mapai Mapai (, an abbreviation for , ''Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael'', ) was a Labor Zionist and democratic socialist political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the Israeli Labor Party in January ...
party, as Ben-Gurion was keen to include Israeli Arabs in the functioning of the state in order to prove
Jew Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly inte ...
s and
Arab Arabs (,  , ; , , ) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of years ...
s could co-exist peacefully and productively. In the 1959 elections, the party won 1.3% of the votes and two seats, making it the most popular Israeli Arab party in the
Knesset The Knesset ( , ) is the Unicameralism, unicameral legislature of Israel. The Knesset passes all laws, elects the President of Israel, president and Prime Minister of Israel, prime minister, approves the Cabinet of Israel, cabinet, and supe ...
. Its seats were taken by
Ahmed A-Dahar Ahmed Kemal A-Dahar (, ; 1906 – 6 February 1984) was an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Progress and Development between 1959 and 1965. Biography Born in Nazareth during the Ottoman era, A-Dahar was a member ...
and Elias Nakhleh. Because of its association with
Mapai Mapai (, an abbreviation for , ''Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael'', ) was a Labor Zionist and democratic socialist political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the Israeli Labor Party in January ...
, the party joined the governing coalition. In the 1961 elections the party increased its share of the vote to 1.6%, though it was overtaken as the most popular Israeli Arab party by Cooperation and Brotherhood, who won 1.9% of the vote. Despite its increased vote, the party still won only two seats, retained by A-Dahar and Nakhleh, and was again part of all three coalition governments during the fifth Knesset. In the 1965 elections the party increased its share of the vote again, to 1.9%, overtaking Cooperation and Brotherhood to regain its place as the most popular Israeli Arab party. It joined
Levi Eshkol Levi Eshkol ( ;‎ 25 October 1895 – 26 February 1969), born Levi Yitzhak Shkolnik (), was the prime minister of Israel from 1963 until his death from a heart attack in 1969. A founder of the Israeli Labor Party, he served in numerous seni ...
's coalition government, and A-Dahar was replaced by Seif-El-Din El-Zubi, previously an MK for the
Democratic List of Nazareth The Democratic List of Nazareth (, ''Reshima Demokratit shel Natzrat''; ) was an Arab satellite list in Israel and the only Israeli Arab party to win seats in the first Knesset. The party, which was sponsored by David Ben-Gurion's Mapai, "Mapai' ...
(in the first Knesset) and the
Democratic List for Israeli Arabs The Democratic List for Israeli Arabs ( ''al-Qā'ima al-dīmũqrāṭiyya li-'arab Isrā'īl'', , ''Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael'') was an Arab satellite list in Israel. History In the 1951 elections the party gained 2% of the vote and ...
(in the
second The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of U ...
and third Knessets). During the Knesset session the party briefly merged with Cooperation and Brotherhood to form
Cooperation and Development Cooperation and Development (, ''Shituf VePituah''; ) was a short-lived Arab satellite list in Israel. History Cooperation and Development was established on 5 July 1966 during the 1965 Israeli legislative election, sixth Knesset, when two of the ...
, though the union split up soon after its formation. In October 1968 Nakhleh broke away from the party to form the
Jewish–Arab Brotherhood Jewish–Arab Brotherhood (, ''Ahva Yehudit-Aravit''; ) was a short-lived, one-man political party in Israel. Background The party was formed on 22 October 1968, during the sixth Knesset, when Elias Nakhleh broke away from Progress and Developm ...
, though he was elected to the next Knesset as a member of Cooperation and Brotherhood. The 1969 elections saw a further increase in popularity to 2.1% of the vote, though it still won only two seats.
Jabr Muadi Sheikh Jabr Muadi (; ; 1 April 1919 – 19 May 2009) was an Israeli Druze politician who served as a member of the Knesset for seven different parties between 1951 and 1981. Biography Born in Yirka in British-controlled Palestine, Muadi was fir ...
(a former Democratic List for Israeli Arabs MK who had broken away from Cooperation and Brotherhood to form the
Druze Party The Israeli Druze Faction (, ''al-Ketla al-Druzia al-Isra'iliah'', , ''HaSia'a HaDruzit HaYisraelit''), also known as the Druze Party, was a short-lived, one-man political faction in Israel. History The party was established on 11 April 1967 duri ...
after Cooperation and Development had broken up, effectively swapping parties with Nahale) took the second seat, and the party was included in
Golda Meir Golda Meir (; 3 May 1898 – 8 December 1978) was the prime minister of Israel, serving from 1969 to 1974. She was Israel's first and only female head of government. Born into a Jewish family in Kyiv, Kiev, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) ...
's coalition government. Muadi was appointed Deputy Minister of Communications in October 1971, making him only the second Israeli Arab to join the cabinet. In the 1973 elections the party won only 1.4% of the vote, though it retained its two seats. Although it was excluded from Golda Meir's government despite still being aligned with the Labour Party, after she resigned and
Yitzhak Rabin Yitzhak Rabin (; , ; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the prime minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–1977, and from 1992 until Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, his ass ...
formed the 17th government, the party was invited back into the governing coalition and Muadi regained his deputy ministerial position. During the Knesset session the party briefly became part of the
Alignment Alignment may refer to: Archaeology * Alignment (archaeology), a co-linear arrangement of features or structures with external landmarks * Stone alignment, a linear arrangement of upright, parallel megalithic standing stones Biology * Struc ...
before merging with the Arab List for Bedouins and Villagers to form the
United Arab List The United Arab List (, ''HaReshima HaAravit HaMe'uhedet''; , ''al-Qā'ima al-'Arabiyya al-Muwaḥḥada''), commonly known by its Hebrew acronym Ra'am (, ), is an Islamist and conservative political party in Israel and the political wing of ...
.Kidma Vepituah
Knesset website


References


External links


Party history
Knesset website {{Israeli political parties Defunct political parties in Israel Arab political parties in Israel Political parties established in 1959 Political parties disestablished in 1977