The Procurator (russian: прокурор, ''prokuror'') was an office initially established in 1722 by
Peter the Great
Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
, the first
Emperor
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother ( e ...
of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...
, as part of reforms to bring the
Russian Orthodox Church
, native_name_lang = ru
, image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg
, imagewidth =
, alt =
, caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia
, abbreviation = ROC
, type ...
more directly
under his control.
The Russian word also has the meaning of
prosecutor
A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in states with either the common law adversarial system or the civil law inquisitorial system. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case in a criminal tria ...
.
The Chief Procurator (also Ober-Procurator; обер-прокурор, ''ober-prokuror'') was the official title of the head of the
Most Holy Synod
The Most Holy Governing Synod (russian: Святѣйшій Правительствующій Сѵнодъ, Святейший Правительствующий Синод) was the highest governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church betwee ...
, effectively the lay head of the Russian Orthodox Church, and a member of the Tsar's cabinet.
Konstantin Pobedonostsev
Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev ( rus, Константи́н Петро́вич Победоно́сцев, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ pəbʲɪdɐˈnostsɨf; 30 November 1827 – 23 March 1907) was a Russian jurist, statesman ...
, a former tutor both of
Alexander III and of
Nicholas II
Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Polan ...
, was one of the most powerful men to hold the post, from 1880 to 1905.
The General Procurator (Procurator General) and the Chief Procurator were major supervisory positions in the Russian
Governing Senate
The Governing Senate (russian: Правительствующий сенат, Pravitelstvuyushchiy senat) was a legislative, judicial, and executive body of the Russian Emperors, instituted by Peter the Great to replace the Boyar Duma and last ...
, which functioned from 1711 to 1917, with their meaning changing over time. Eventually Chief Procurator became the title of the head of a department of the Senate.
List of Most Holy Synod Ober-Procurators
* 1722–1725
Ivan Boltin
* 1725–1730
Aleksei Baskakov
* 1730–1740 ''no appointments''
* 1740–1741
Nikita Krechetnikov
* 1741–1753
Yakov Shakhovskoy
Prince Yakov Petrovich Shakhovskoy (russian: Яков Петрович Шаховской) (8 October 1705 – 23 July 1777) was a Russian statesman.
Prince Yakov Shakhovskoy was born in the family of Prince Pyotr Ivanovich Shakhovskoy, who d ...
* 1753–1758
Afanasiy Lvov
* 1758–1763
Aleksei Kozlovskiy
* 1763–1768
Ivan Melissino
* 1768–1774
Pyotr Chebyshyov
* 1774–1786
Sergei Akchurin
* 1786–1791
Apollos Naumov
* 1791–1797
Aleksei Musin-Pushkin
Aleksei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin (Russian:Алексей Иванович Мусин-Пушкин; 27 March 1744, Moscow - 13 February 1817, Moscow) was a Russian statesman and historian, known for his large art and book collections.
Biography ...
* 1797–1799
Vasiliy Khovanskiy
* 1799–1802
Dmitry Khvostov
Count Dmitry Ivanovich Khvostov (russian: граф Дми́трий Ива́нович Хвосто́в, – ), was a Russian poet, representing the late period of classicism in Russian literature. Count Khvostov, as he was widely known, was an ...
* 1802–1803
Aleksandr Yakovlev
* 1803–1817
Aleksandr Golitsyn
* 1817–1833
Pyotr Meshcherskiy
* 1833–1836
Stepan Nechayev
* 1836–1855
Nikolay Protasov
* 1855–1856
Aleksandr Karasevskiy
* 1856–1862
Aleksandr Tolstoy
Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.
Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
* 1862–1865
Aleksei Akhmatov
* 1865–1880
Dmitry Tolstoy
Count Dmitry Andreyevich Tolstoy (russian: Дми́трий Андре́евич Толсто́й; , Moscow – , Saint Petersburg) was a Russian statesman, a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia (1866). He belonged to the comital b ...
* 1880–1905
Konstantin Pobedonostsev
Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev ( rus, Константи́н Петро́вич Победоно́сцев, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ pəbʲɪdɐˈnostsɨf; 30 November 1827 – 23 March 1907) was a Russian jurist, statesman ...
* 1905–1906
Aleksei Obolenskiy
* 1906–1906
Aleksei Shirinskiy-Shikhmatov
* 1906–1909
Pyotr Izvolskiy
* 1909–1911
Sergei Lukianov
Sergius is a male given name of Ancient Roman origin after the name of the Latin ''gens'' Sergia or Sergii of regal and republican ages. It is a common Christian name, in honor of Saint Sergius, or in Russia, of Saint Sergius of Radonezh, and ha ...
* 1911–1915
Vladimir Sabler
* 1915–1915
Aleksandr Samarin
* 1915–1916
Alexander Volzhin
* 1916–1917
Nikolai Raev
* 1917–1917
Vladimir Lvov
* 1917–1917
Anton Kartashev
Anton Vladimirovich Kartashev ( Russian: Антон Владимирович Карташёв; 1875–1960) was a Russian professor of Church History and a journalist. Briefly in 1917 he was the last Ober- Procurator of the Most Holy Governing Syn ...
See also
*
Procurator General of the USSR
{{Russia-stub
Government of the Russian Empire
Titles
Most Holy Synod