''Proceratium'' is a rare

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

ant Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of 22,0 ...

s in the subfamily

Proceratiinae Proceratiinae is a subfamily of ants in the poneromorph subfamilies group, with three extant genera, of which most are tropical or subtropical, although overall distribution is worldwide. Identification The ants are relatively small to medi ...

. It is the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nomina ...

of the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' Bradoponera''.

Distribution

The genus is rare, but widespread throughout the northern

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

and

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

zones. In the

Old World The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by th ...

, it is distributed from

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' ( Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , ...

to Japan, in sub-Saharan Africa,

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It incl ...

, the

Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago (Indonesian/ Malay: , tgl, Kapuluang Malay) is the archipelago between mainland Indochina and Australia. It has also been called the " Malay world," " Nusantara", "East Indies", Indo-Australian Archipelago, Spices Arch ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

( Australia) and Fiji. In the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. ...

, it is known from

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tota ...

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

(and some Caribbean islands).

Biology

Colonies are relatively small, usually containing less than 200 individuals. They nest in soil, in rotten wood, under stones, or on tree branches. Similar to its sister genus '' Discothyrea'', some species are specialist predators of

arthropod Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arth ...

eggs, mainly spider eggs.

Species

*''

Proceratium algiricum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Bra ...

'' Forel, 1899 *''

Proceratium angulinode ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Bra ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium arnoldi ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Bra ...

'' Forel, 1913 *''

Proceratium australe ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Bra ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium austronesicum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Bra ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium avium ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Brown, 1974 *'' Proceratium banjaranense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium boltoni ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Leston, 1971 *'' Proceratium brasiliense'' Borgmeier, 1959 *''

Proceratium burundense ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium caledonicum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium californicum'' Cook, 1953 *'' Proceratium catio'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium cavinodus ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium chickasaw ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium colombicum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium compitale'' Ward, 1988 *'' Proceratium confinium'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium convexiceps'' Borgmeier, 1957 *''

Proceratium crassicorne ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Emery, 1895 *'' Proceratium creek'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium croceum ''Proceratium croceum'' is a species of ant in the family Formicidae. References Further reading * External links

* Proceratiinae Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1860 {{ant-stub ...

'' (Roger, 1860) *''

Proceratium cubanum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium dayak'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium deelemani ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Perrault, 1981 *†'' Proceratium denticulatum'' Lattke, 1991 *''

Proceratium diplopyx ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Brown, 1980 *†'' Proceratium dominicanum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium dusun'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium ecuadoriense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *†''

Proceratium eocenicum ''Proceratium eocenicum'' is an extinct species of formicidae, formicid in the ant subfamily Proceratiinae known from fossils found in the Baltic region. History and classification ''P. eocenicum'' is known from two fossil specimens of adult mal ...

'' Dlussky, 2009 *''

Proceratium foveolatum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium galilaeum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *†'' Proceratium gibberum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium gigas'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium goliath ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Kempf & Brown, 1968 *'' Proceratium google'' Fisher, 2005 *'' Proceratium gracile'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium hirsutum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium itoi ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' (Forel, 1918) *''

Proceratium ivimka ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium japonicum'' Santschi, 1937 *'' Proceratium lattkei'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium lombokense ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Emery, 1897 *'' Proceratium longigaster'' Karavaiev, 1935 *'' Proceratium longiscapus'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium longmenense'' Xu, 2006 *'' Proceratium lunatum'' Terron, 1981 *''

Proceratium malesianum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe (biology), tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fo ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium mancum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Mann, 1922 *''

Proceratium melinum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' (Roger, 1860) *''

Proceratium melitense ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium mexicanum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium micrommatum'' (Roger, 1863) *'' Proceratium microsculptum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium morisitai'' Onoyama & Yoshimura, 2002 *''

Proceratium nujiangense ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Xu, 2006 *''

Proceratium numidicum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Santschi, 1912 *'' Proceratium oceanicum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium panamense ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium papuanum'' Emery, 1897 *'' Proceratium pergandei'' (Emery, 1895) *†'' Proceratium petrosum'' Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015 *†'' Proceratium poinari'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium politum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium pumilio'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium relictum'' Mann, 1921 Proceratium eocenicum paratype GPIH-BE4507 Profile whole

Proceratium eocenicum paratype GPIH-BE4507 Profile whole

*'' Proceratium robustum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium siamense ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium silaceum ''Proceratium silaceum'' is a species of ant in the family Formicidae. References Further reading * External links

* Proceratiinae Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1863 {{ant-stub ...

'' Roger, 1863 *''

Proceratium snellingi ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium stictum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ...

'' Brown, 1958 *''

Proceratium striativenter ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium sulawense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium taino'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium terraealtae'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium terroni ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Bolton, 1995 *''Proceratium tio'' Snelling & Cover, 1992 *''Proceratium toschii'' (Consani, 1951) *''Proceratium transitionis'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''Proceratium vinaka'' Garcia, Sarnat, & Economo, 2015 *''Proceratium watasei'' (Wheeler, 1906) *''Proceratium williamsi'' Mathew & Tiwari, 2000 *''Proceratium zhaoi'' Xu, 2000

References

External links

* Proceratiinae Ant genera {{ant-stub