''Proceratium'' is a rare

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

ant Ants are Eusociality, eusocial insects of the Family (biology), family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the Taxonomy (biology), order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from Vespoidea, vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cre ...

s in the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Proceratiinae Proceratiinae is a subfamily of ants in the poneromorph subfamilies group, with three extant genera, of which most are tropical or subtropical, although overall distribution is worldwide. Identification The ants are relatively small to medium ...

. It is the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...

of the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''

Discothyrea ''Discothyrea'' is a genus of small ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. The genus is distributed in the tropics and subtropics throughout the world, where they usually nest in rotten wood, in the leaf litter, or under stones. Little is known abo ...

'' and the fossil genus ''

Bradoponera ''Bradoponera'' is an extinct genus of ant in the Formicidae subfamily Proceratiinae, and is one of four genera of the subfamily. The genus contains four described species ''Bradoponera electrina'', ''Bradoponera meieri'', ''Bradoponera similis ...

''.

Distribution

The genus is rare, but widespread throughout the northern

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

and

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

zones. In the

Old World The "Old World" () is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously ...

, it is distributed from

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

, in

sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara. These include Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, and West Africa. Geopolitically, in addition to the list of sovereign states and ...

Mauritius Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...

, the

Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago is the archipelago between Mainland Southeast Asia and Australia, and is also called Insulindia or the Indo-Australian Archipelago. The name was taken from the 19th-century European concept of a Malay race, later based ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

(

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

) and

Fiji Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about ...

. In the

New World The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas, and sometimes Oceania."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: ...

, it is known from

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

(and some

Caribbean The Caribbean ( , ; ; ; ) is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, mostly overlapping with the West Indies. Bordered by North America to the north, Central America ...

islands).

Biology

'' P. eocenicum'' male Colonies are relatively small, usually containing less than 200 individuals. They nest in soil, in rotten wood, under stones, or on tree branches. Similar to its sister genus ''

'', some species are specialist predators of

arthropod Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated (Metam ...

eggs, mainly spider eggs.

Species

*''

Proceratium algiricum ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Forel, 1899 *''

Proceratium angulinode ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium arnoldi ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' ...

'' Forel, 1913 *''

Proceratium australe ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Br ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium austronesicum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium avium'' Brown, 1974 *'' Proceratium banjaranense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium boltoni'' Leston, 1971 *'' Proceratium brasiliense'' Borgmeier, 1959 *''

Proceratium bruelheidei ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Br ...

'' Staab, Garcia, Liu, Xu, & Economo, 2018https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24908/element/7/0/Proceratium_bruelheidei#Worker_description *'' Proceratium burundense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium caledonicum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium californicum'' Cook, 1953 *'' Proceratium catio'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium cavinodus'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium chickasaw'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium colombicum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium compitale'' Ward, 1988 *'' Proceratium confinium'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium convexiceps'' Borgmeier, 1957 *'' Proceratium crassicorne'' Emery, 1895 *'' Proceratium creek'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium croceum'' (Roger, 1860) *'' Proceratium cubanum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium dayak'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium deelemani'' Perrault, 1981 *†'' Proceratium denticulatum'' Lattke, 1991 *'' Proceratium diplopyx'' Brown, 1980 *†'' Proceratium dominicanum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium dusun ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Br ...

'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium ecuadoriense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *†'' Proceratium eocenicum'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Proceratium foveolatum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium galilaeum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *†'' Proceratium gibberum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium gigas'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium goliath'' Kempf & Brown, 1968 *''

Proceratium google ''Proceratium google'', also known as the Google ant, was discovered in Madagascar by Brian L. Fisher, Associate Curator of Entomology at the California Academy of Sciences. The ant has an oddly shaped abdomen, adapted for hunting its exclusive m ...

'' Fisher, 2005 *'' Proceratium gracile'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium hirsutum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *''

Proceratium itoi ''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Br ...

'' (Forel, 1918) *'' Proceratium ivimka'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium japonicum'' Santschi, 1937 *'' Proceratium lattkei'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium lombokense'' Emery, 1897 *'' Proceratium longigaster'' Karavaiev, 1935 *'' Proceratium longiscapus'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium longmenense'' Xu, 2006 *'' Proceratium lunatum'' Terron, 1981 *'' Proceratium malesianum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium mancum'' Mann, 1922 *'' Proceratium melinum'' (Roger, 1860) *'' Proceratium melitense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium mexicanum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium micrommatum'' (Roger, 1863) *'' Proceratium microsculptum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium morisitai'' Onoyama & Yoshimura, 2002 *'' Proceratium nujiangense'' Xu, 2006 *'' Proceratium numidicum'' Santschi, 1912 *'' Proceratium oceanicum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium panamense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium papuanum'' Emery, 1897 *'' Proceratium pergandei'' (Emery, 1895) *†'' Proceratium petrosum'' Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015 *†'' Proceratium poinari'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium politum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium pumilio'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium relictum'' Mann, 1921 *'' Proceratium robustum'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium siamense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium silaceum'' Roger, 1863 *'' Proceratium snellingi'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium stictum'' Brown, 1958 *'' Proceratium striativenter'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium sulawense'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium taino'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium terraealtae'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium terroni'' Bolton, 1995 *'' Proceratium tio'' Snelling & Cover, 1992 *'' Proceratium toschii'' (Consani, 1951) *'' Proceratium transitionis'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' Proceratium vinaka'' Hita Garcia, Sarnat, & Economo, 2015 *'' Proceratium watasei'' (Wheeler, 1906) *'' Proceratium williamsi'' Mathew & Tiwari, 2000 *'' Proceratium zhaoi'' Xu, 2000

References

External links

* {{Authority control Proceratiinae Ant genera