Probolinggo Regency
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Probolinggo Regency (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦧꦭꦶꦁꦒ, romanized: Kabupatèn Prabalingga) is a
regency In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...
in
East Java East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...
province of
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
. It covers an area of 1,696.17 sq. km, and had a population of 1,096,244 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 1,152,537 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,163,859 (comprising 573,945 males and 589,914 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Probolinggo Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3513) Its capital was formerly the city of
Probolinggo Probolinggo (, , Javanese language, Javanese: ''Kuthå Pråbålinggå'') is a city on the north coast of East Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 56.676 sq. km, and had a population of 217,062 at the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Stati ...
, but (after that city became an independent administrative entity) the capital is now at the town of Kraksaan.


History


Indonesian National Revolution

The Dutch marines landed in Situbondo on 21 July 1947. They did not meet much resistance from Indonesian forces. Some of them headed west to attacked Probolinggo from the east of the regency. At 16.15 on the same day, the forces supported by armored vehicles already arrived at Kraksaan. At 17.30, they already held the downtown area. On 22 July morning, the Dutch seized the port of the city. They then set up perimeter near the railway, but met heavy resistance there. At night, Indonesian forces launched a counter-attack that made the Dutch forces pulled back to the port area. On 23 July, the Dutch launched an attack in Ledok Ombo village killing 15 soldiers of Indonesian forces. Indonesian forces launched small scale attacks to the Dutch defensive posts until early August. They also conducted scorched earth strategy to prevent the Dutch forces utilizing Indonesian facilities and food supply.


Government

The administration of Probolinggo city (''kota'') and Probolinggo regency () has repeatedly been separated and merged. There was a separation of government of Probolinggo city (''kotapraja'') and the regency based on Ordonantie dated 20 June 1918. Then, according on Ordonantie of 9 August 1928, the city was abolished and the area was merged again into the regency. Under the Japanese occupation, the administrations were once again separated. The city (under Japanese rule, the level was called ''shi'') mayor (shico) was Gapar Wiryosudibyo, a middle school teacher, while the regency (''ken'') regent was Nyais Wiryosubroto. Both Probolinggo (shi and ken) were under an administration of Malang-shu (residency). During the National Revolution, on 13 August 1948 the city was abolished again and was absorbed into the regency. Then, after the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence, the city and regency were separated again.


Administrative districts


Late Dutch East Indies era

In late Dutch East Indies rule, there were 3 districts in Probolinggo Regency: Probolinggo, Tongas, and Sukapura. Probolinggo District itself was divided into 5 ''onderdistrik''s namely Probolinggo, Kanigaran, Wonoasih, Bantaran, and Leces.


Current

Probolinggo Regency now consists of twenty-four
districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
(''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and population totals from the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and the 2020 Census,Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Probolinggo Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3513) The table also includes the number of
administrative village A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban village ...
s in each district (totaling 325 rural ''desa'' and 5 urban ''kelurahan'' - the latter all in Kraksaan District), and its postal codes. Each district has the same name as its administrative centre. Notes: (a) excluding the village of Besuk, which has a post code of 67283.
(b) comprises 5 urban ''kelurahan'' (Semampir, Patokan, Sidomukti, Kraksaan Wetan and Kandangjati Kulon) and 13 rural ''desa''.
(c) includes the offshore island of ''Pulau Giliketapang''.


Tourism

Probolinggo Regency has various tourist attractions including
Mount Bromo The Bromo (), or Mount Bromo (, ) is an active somma volcano, a Hindu pilgrimage site, and part of the Tengger mountains, in East Java, Indonesia. At it is not the highest peak of the massif, but is the most active and famous. The area ...
, Madakaripura waterfall, white water rafting at Pekalen River, and also the Jabung Buddhist temple.


Rafting at Pekalen River

The location is about 1 hour from
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (; abbreviated as ) is a national park located in East Java, Indonesia, to the east of Malang and Lumajang, to the south of Pasuruan and Probolinggo, and to the southeast of Surabaya, the capital of East J ...
which Pekalen river cuts Probolinggo city. With difficulty up to grade 3+, there are many bat caves and also small waterfalls along the cliff of Pekalen river which are difficult to find at other rivers.


References


Bibliography

* {{cite book, last=Sapto, first=Ari, title=Gerilya Republik di Kota Probolinggo 1947-1949, trans-title=Republic's Guerrilla in Probolinggo City 1947-1949, publisher=Matapadi, year=2020, isbn=978-602-1634-42-4 Regencies of East Java Tempuran basin