Pristipomoides
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''Pristipomoides'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of marine
ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...
belonging to the
family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Lutjanidae Lutjanidae or snappers are a family of perciform fishes, mainly marine but with some members inhabiting estuaries and, in some cases, fresh water (e.g., '' Lutjanus goldiei''). The family includes about 113 species. Most species are used for foo ...
, the snappers. They are found in the
Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...
,
Indian Indian or Indians may refer to: Associated with India * of or related to India ** Indian people ** Indian diaspora ** Languages of India ** Indian English, a dialect of the English language ** Indian cuisine Associated with indigenous peoples o ...
and
Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is bounded by the cont ...
oceans.


Taxonomy

''Pristipomoides'' was created by the
Dutch Dutch or Nederlands commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands ** Dutch people as an ethnic group () ** Dutch nationality law, history and regulations of Dutch citizenship () ** Dutch language () * In specific terms, i ...
ichthyologist Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish (Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 35,800 species of fish had been described as of March 2 ...
,
herpetologist Herpetology (from Ancient Greek ἑρπετόν ''herpetón'', meaning "reptile" or "creeping animal") is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians (including frogs, salamanders, and caecilians (Gymnophiona)) and reptiles (in ...
and
physician A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Med ...
Pieter Bleeker in 1852 as a
monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...
genus with ''Pristipomoides typus'' as its only species, this species therefore being the
type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
of the genus. The generic name is a compound of ''Pristipoma'' with the suffix ''oides'' which means "like". At the time Bleeker coined the name he though ''P. typus'' was more closely related to and in the same family as the genus ''Pristipoma'', this taxon is now regarded as a synonym of the grunt genus ''
Pomadasys ''Pomadasys'' is a genus of grunts native to the waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and through the Indian Ocean to the Pacific coast of the Americas. The name of this genus is a compound of ''poma'' meaning "lid" or "covering" and ''dasys'' m ...
'' in the family
Haemulidae Haemulidae is a family (biology), family of fishes in the order (biology), order Perciformes known commonly as grunts. It is made up of the two subfamily, subfamilies Haemulinae (grunts) and Plectorhynchinae (sweetlips), which contain about 133 ...
. There are two
subgenera In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...
which are recognised by some authorities and 11 currently recognised species in this genus are: * Subgenus ''Pristipomoides''
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Pristipomoides auricilla ''Pristipomoides auricilla'', the goldflag jobfish or the yellow flower snapper, is a species of ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region. Taxonomy ''Pristipomoides auricilla'' Was f ...
'' (D. S. Jordan, Evermann & . Tanaka, 1927) (goldflag jobfish) ** ''Pristipomoides filamentosus'' (Achille Valenciennes">Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...
v, 1830) (crimson jobfish, crimson snapper) ** ''Pristipomoides flavipinnis'' Shiro Shinohara, S. Shinohara, 1963 (golden eye jobfish) ** ''Pristipomoides multidens'' (Francis Day, F. Day, 1871) (goldbanded jobfish, goldband snapper) ** ''
Pristipomoides sieboldii ''Pristipomoides'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lutjanidae, the snappers. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. Taxonomy ''Pristipomoides'' was created by the Dutch ichthyologist, herpetolo ...
'' (
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Pristipomoides typus ''Pristipomoides'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lutjanidae, the snappers. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. Taxonomy ''Pristipomoides'' was created by the Dutch ichthyologist, herpetologi ...
''
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Pristipomoides amoenus'' Snyder, 1911 **'' Pristipomoides aquilonaris'' ( Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896) (wenchman) ** '' Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus'' (
Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...
, 1832) (ornate jobfish) ** '' Pristipomoides freemani'' W. D. Anderson, 1966 (slender wenchman) ** '' Pristipomoides macrophthalmus'' ( J. P. Müller & Troschel, 1848) (Cardinal snapper) ** ''
Pristipomoides zonatus ''Pristipomoides'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lutjanidae, the snappers. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. Taxonomy ''Pristipomoides'' was created by the Dutch ichthyologist, herpetologi ...
'' (
Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...
, 1830) (oblique-banded snapper) ''P. amoenus'' is treated as a synonym of ''P. argyrogrammicus'' by
Fishbase FishBase is a global species database of fish species (specifically finfish). It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web.
but is regarded as a valid species by the
Catalog of Fishes Catalog of Fishes is a comprehensive on-line database and reference work on the scientific names of fish species and genera. It is global in its scope and is hosted by the California Academy of Sciences. It has been compiled and is continuously up ...
.


Characteristics

''Pristipomoides'' snappers are small to medium-sized and have
fusiform Fusiform (from Latin ''fusus'' ‘spindle’) means having a spindle (textiles), spindle-like shape that is wide in the middle and tapers at both ends. It is similar to the lemon (geometry), lemon-shape, but often implies a focal broadening of a ...
, relatively slender and elongate bodies although they can also be robust. There is typically an outer row of enlarged, conical teeth and an inner band of bristle-like teeth with enlarged canines often placed on the front of the jaws. The vomerine teeth are arranged in a V-shaped or triangular patch, although one species ''
Pristipomoides sieboldii ''Pristipomoides'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lutjanidae, the snappers. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. Taxonomy ''Pristipomoides'' was created by the Dutch ichthyologist, herpetolo ...
'' shows a median extension to the rear of the main patch, this is also the only species which has teeth on its tongue. The space between the eyes is flattened. These snappers have a continuous
dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates. Dorsal fins have evolved independently several times through convergent evolution adapting to marine environments, so the fins are not all homologous. They are found ...
which is not notched, this fin contains 10 spines and 10-11 soft rays while the
anal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported o ...
has 3 spines and 7-8 soft rays. The dorsal and anal fins are lacking in scales and the last ray of each of these fins is extended and is noticeably longer than the neighbouring rays. The
pectoral fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish aquatic locomotion, swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the vertebral column ...
s are long, equivalent in length to 2/3rds of the head length and contains 15-17 fin rays. The
caudal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported only ...
is forked. The scales on the body are medium-sized to relatively small. The colour of these fishes is typically pink or rosy, occasionally they are purple, violet, or lavender on their back and upper flanks and frequently silver or whitish on lower flanks and abdomen.


Distribution

''Pristipomoides'' snappers are found in the warmer waters of the
Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...
region and the western Atlantic Ocean.


Habitat and biology

''Pristipomoides'' snappers are found in relatively deep water, at depths between , typically over rocky substrates. They may live as solitary fish or aggregate in small shoals. Like other snappers, they are predatory fishes which prey on other smaller fishes,
squid A squid (: squid) is a mollusc with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight cephalopod limb, arms, and two tentacles in the orders Myopsida, Oegopsida, and Bathyteuthida (though many other molluscs within the broader Neocoleoidea are also ...
,
crustacean Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthrop ...
s and
pelagic The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth. The word ''pelagic'' is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of as an imaginary cylinder or water column between the sur ...
tunicates Tunicates are marine invertebrates belonging to the subphylum Tunicata ( ). This grouping is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time ...
.


Fisheries

''Pristipomoides'' snappers are normally caught using bottom longlines and deep handlines but beam trawls may also be used. These fish are considered to have good quality flesh and they are largely sold fresh, although some of the catch may be preserved by freezing. They are important as food fish in some areas, especially in the western Pacific Ocean.


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3404188 Etelinae Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker