The Principality of Odoyev was one of the
Upper Oka Principalities
In Russian historiography the term Upper Oka Principalities () traditionally applies to about a dozen tiny and ephemeral polities situated along the upper course of the Oka River at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. They were reigned b ...
from the 1376 to the 1573. The town of
Odoyev was the centre of the principality.
History
The Principality's history was closely linked with its place between the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 Partitions of Poland, ...
,
Moscow
Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
and the
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of ...
.
Prince of
Novosil Roman Semyonovich took part with
Prince of Moscow
The Grand Prince of Moscow (), known as the Prince of Moscow until 1389, was the ruler of the Grand Principality of Moscow. The Moscow principality was initially established in the 13th century as an appanage within the Vladimir-Suzdal grand prin ...
Dmitry Donskoy
Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy (; 12 October 1350 – 19 May 1389) was Prince of Moscow from 1359 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1363 until his death. He was the heir of Ivan II.
He was the first prince of Moscow to openly challenge Mongol ...
in the campaign of
Tver
Tver (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is situated at the confluence of the Volga and Tvertsa rivers. Tver is located northwest of Moscow. Population:
The city is ...
in 1375. In December, the Horde wiped out most of Novosil and the principality's land. The Odoyevsky Principality arose in the next year when Roman Semyonovich settled in Odoyev or possibly after his death in about 1402.
Princes of Odoyev called themselves ''princes of Novosil'', and sometimes ''princes of Novosil and Odoyev'' up to the late 1400 and began name themselves only ''princes of Odoyev'' by the mid-1500s. The House of Odoyev died out in the 19th Century.
In 1407, Lithuanians burned down Odoyev.
[Серова Л. Невелик городок Одоев//Наука и жизнь. №8, 1999/https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/9564/] The principality was ceded to them in 1427. The Princes of Odoyev were granted extensive lands in the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 Partitions of Poland, ...
, but Lithuanians collected tribute from them annually.
In the late 1400s — early 1500s, the Principality of Odoyev was torn between the
Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the longest-lived of th ...
, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Duchy of Moscow.
[Беспалов Р. А. Новосильско-Одоевское княжество и Орда в контексте международных отношений в Восточной Европе XIV – начала XVI веков // Средневековая Русь. Вып. 11. Проблемы политической истории и источниковедения / Отв. редактор А. А. Горский. – М.: «Индрик», 2014. – С. 259.]
In 1494, the principality was absorbed by the
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Principality of Moscow, or Muscovy, known as the Principality of Moscow until 1389, was a late medieval Russian monarchy. Its capital was the city of Moscow. Originally established as a minor principality in the 13th century, the gra ...
.
[Серова Л. Невелик городок Одоев//Наука и жизнь. №8, 1999/https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/9564/] and in 1573 the last prince, Nikita Romanovich, was beheaded by the
oprichnina
The oprichnina (, ; ) was a state policy implemented by Tsar Ivan the Terrible in Russia between 1565 and 1572. The policy included mass repression of the boyars (Russian aristocrats), including public executions and confiscation of their land ...
of
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (; – ), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible,; ; monastic name: Jonah. was Grand Prince of Moscow, Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533 to 1547, and the first Tsar of all Russia, Tsar and Grand Prince of all R ...
.
Princes of Odoyev
{{Main, Odoyevsky family
Roman Semyonovich Novosilsky (? — after 1402)
Yuri Romanovich Cherny Odoevsky (? — after 1429)
Ivan Yurievich Odoevsky (? — about 1470)
Semyon Yurievich (? — 1473)
Fedor Ivanovich Odoevsky (? — after 1497)
Nikita Romanovich Odoevsky (? — 1573)
References
See also
*
Odoyev
1376 establishments in Europe
14th-century establishments in Russia
History of Tula Oblast
Rus' principalities
Lists of monarchs
Odoyev
1573 disestablishments