Bayankhutag ( mn, Баян хутаг; xng, ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠺᠣᠲᠣᠭ; ), more commonly known by her Korean royal title as Princess Gyeonghwa (; d. 24 July 1344) was a Mongolian imperial family member who became a Korean royal consort as the third wife of King Chungsuk of Goryeo. After his death, she was

rape Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without their consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or ...

d by her stepson, who was then forced to marry her.

Biography

Background

Mysteries surround Bayankhutag's lineage, but since the "Baekan clan" (백안, 伯顔) were nobles at that time, it was believed that she was born into the noble family. Masahiko Morihira has suggested that she was the sister or half-sister of Princess Joguk, King Chungsuk's wife. After her sister's death in 1325, Bayankhutag married her sister's husband, probably between 1330 and 1333 when the King stayed in

Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongols, Mongol-led Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Division of the M ...

and not long after that they two went back to

Goryeo Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unifica ...

Assault

King Chungsuk died in 1339, after which Bayankhutag stayed in

. The ''

Goryeosa The ''Goryeosa'' (), or ''History of Goryeo'', is the main surviving historical record of Korea's Goryeo dynasty. It was composed nearly a century after the fall of Goryeo, during the reign of King Sejong, undergoing repeated revisions betwee ...

'' records that, during a meal in her apartments one night, her stepson, Chunghye of Goryeo, got drunk and raped her. The next day, Bayankhutag attempted to flee to the Yuan ambassador for help to leave Goryeo, but Chunghye issued a ban on horses in the city, so she could not leave. He then had her imprisoned in Yeongrak Palace (; ), told the court that she was ill, and posted guards around her apartments. The Yuan emissary eventually visited the palace and insisted that Bayankhutag be released and Chunghye take her as a consort. As consort, Bayankhutag is recorded to have offered advice in choosing officials in the Yuan Goryeo government. She died in 1344.''Goryeosa'', volume 37. In 1367, she received her posthumous name from the

Later life and death

King Chunghye died in 1344 while on the road to exile and Bayankhutag then died not long after that. Her funeral was held on 18th days 9th months (

Lunar calendar A lunar calendar is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases ( synodic months, lunations), in contrast to solar calendars, whose annual cycles are based only directly on the solar year. The most commonly used calendar, t ...

) in the same year and gave her new title as Princess Gyeonghwa (경화공주, 慶華公主). Later, in 1367, the Yuan dynasty bestowed royal title Princess Sukgong Hwiryeong (숙공휘령공주, 肅恭徽寧公主) as her

Posthumous name A posthumous name is an honorary name given mostly to the notable dead in East Asian culture. It is predominantly practiced in East Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishment ...

In popular culture

*Portrayed by Ryu Hyun-kyung in the 2013–2014 MBC TV series ''

Empress Ki Empress Gi or Empress Ki (Hangul: 기황후, Hanja: 奇皇后; 1315–1370(?)), also known as Empress Qi () or Öljei Khutuk ( Mongolian: Өлзийхутаг; ), was one of the primary empresses of Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong) of the Yuan dy ...

''.

References

Notes

Works cited

* *

External links

경화공주
on

Encykorea The ''Encyclopedia of Korean Culture'' is a Korean language encyclopedia published by the Academy of Korean Studies and DongBang Media Co. The articles in the encyclopedia are aimed at readers who want to learn about Korean culture and history ...

.
경화공주
on

Doosan Encyclopedia ''Doosan Encyclopedia'' is a Korean language encyclopedia published by Doosan Donga (두산동아). The encyclopedia is based on the ''Dong-A Color Encyclopedia'' (동아원색세계대백과사전), which comprises 30 volumes and began to be p ...

. {{DEFAULTSORT:Gyeonghwa, Princess Year of birth unknown 1344 deaths Mongol consorts of the Goryeo Dynasty 14th-century Mongolian women Chinese princesses Rape in Korea 14th-century Korean women