Yondonwangchug (1870 – 24 March 1938) was an

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of China. Its border includes two-thirds of the length of China's China–Mongolia border, border with the country of Mongolia. ...

n nobleman of Ulanqab League and politician under the

Qing Dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

and

Mengjiang Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang, officially the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous zone in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being under the nominal sovereignty ...

governments.

Names

His name Yondonwangchug, also spelled Yondonvanchig or Yunden Wangchuk, is of Tibetan origin and is transcribed into Chinese as . For short, he is referred to as Prince Yun, a translation of .

Career

Yondonwangchug was born in 1870 in what is today

Darhan Muminggan United Banner } Darhan Muminggan United Banner (Mongolian: ; zh, s=达尔罕茂明安联合旗) is a banner of west-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Baotou City, to the south-southwest. Administrative divis ...

. In his early years, he studied the

Tibetan Tibetan may mean: * of, from, or related to Tibet * Tibetan people, an ethnic group * Tibetan language: ** Classical Tibetan, the classical language used also as a contemporary written standard ** Standard Tibetan, the most widely used spoken dial ...

and

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

languages. He became deputy head of Ulanqab League in 1896. In 1924, he established the banner's first school. In 1934, he took up the chairmanship of the

Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee The Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee (蒙古地方自治政務委員會), also referred to as the Pailingmiao Council or Peilingmiao Council, was a political body of ethnic Mongols in the Republic of China between 1934 and 1936. T ...

under the

Nanjing Nanjing or Nanking is the capital of Jiangsu, a province in East China. The city, which is located in the southwestern corner of the province, has 11 districts, an administrative area of , and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yang ...

government. However, he was frustrated by its limited authority and clashes with

Suiyuan Province Suiyuan () was a historical province of China. Suiyuan's capital was Guisui (now Hohhot). The abbreviation was (pinyin: ). The area Suiyuan covered is approximated today by the prefecture-level cities of Hohhot, Baotou, Wuhai, Ordos, Bayan ...

authorities under

Fu Zuoyi Fu Zuoyi () (June 2, 1895 − April 19, 1974) was a Chinese military leader. He began his military career in the service of Yan Xishan, and he was widely praised for his defense of Suiyuan from the Japanese. During the final stages of the Chine ...

. Angered by Shirabdorji's uncooperative attitude towards the committee, in October 1935 Yondonwangchug attempted to strip Shirabdorji of his titles, and sent troops to Shirabdorji's residence; Shirabdorji responded that the council had no power to order his dismissal or appoint new officials to his positions, which were, after all, hereditary. There, Yondonwangchug's forces clashed with Fu's; the Nanjing government did little to intervene. After he incident he went into virtual retirement, and formally resigned in March 1936. Endonmark

Yondonwangchug was named chairman of the pro-Japanese

Mongol Military Government Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang, officially the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous zone in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being under the nominal sovereignty o ...

when it was established in April 1936. In July 1936, a newspaper account states that he was arrested on a visit to

Bailingmiao Bailingmiao (also known as Pailingmiao, Bat Khaalga, or Bathahalak) is a small settlement of 705 people in Inner Mongolia, China. It is located in the Darhan Muminggan United Banner, about northeast of Baotou. From 1934 to 1936 it served as the s ...

and held in the military headquarters there, and charged with high treason. In October 1937 he was announced as the chairman of the new

Mongol United Autonomous Government The Mongol United Autonomous Government was a Empire of Japan, Japanese Puppet state, puppet regime in Inner Mongolia from 1937 to 1939. History Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Japan was eager to send troops into Inner Mongolia, and on ...

. He died in July 1938, reportedly by poisoning.

Notes

References

Bibliography

* *{{citation, last=Lin, first=Hsiao-ting, year=2006, title=Tibet and nationalist China's frontier: intrigues and ethnopolitics, 1928–49, publisher=UBC Press, isbn=978-0-7748-1301-3 1870 births 1938 deaths Chinese anti-communists Mengjiang Chinese collaborators with Imperial Japan Mongolian collaborators with Imperial Japan Mongolian nobility People from Baotou Republic of China politicians from Inner Mongolia