Injo (; 7 December 1595 – 17 June 1649), personal name Yi Jong (), was the 16th monarch of the
Joseon dynasty
Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom w ...
of
Korea
Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...
. He was a grandson of
King Seonjo
Seonjo (; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (), was the 14th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was known for promoting Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained ...
and the eldest son of
Prince Jeongwon
Wonjong of Joseon or Prince Jeongwon (2 August 1580 – 2 February 1619) was a prince during the Joseon dynasty. He was a son by a concubine to the Joseon dynasty's 14th monarch, king Seonjo, and half brother of king Gwanghaegun and father of ...
. He ascended to the throne after leading a ''
coup d'état
A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup
, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to powe ...
'' against his uncle,
Gwanghaegun, in 1623. Today, Injo is considered a weak and incompetent king, as during his reign the country experienced
Yi Gwal's Rebellion
Yi Kwal's Rebellion () was an armed rebellion in the Joseon dynasty led by General Yi Kwal, who helped Injo ascend to the throne and incited a rebellion against him for being rewarded poorly and trying to arrest his son. He led 12,000 of his so ...
, the
Later Jin invasion, the
Qing invasion, and an economic recession, while the government was corrupt and ineffective.
Biography
Birth and background
King Injo was born in 1595 as a son of
Prince Jeongwon
Wonjong of Joseon or Prince Jeongwon (2 August 1580 – 2 February 1619) was a prince during the Joseon dynasty. He was a son by a concubine to the Joseon dynasty's 14th monarch, king Seonjo, and half brother of king Gwanghaegun and father of ...
, whose father was the ruling monarch
King Seonjo
Seonjo (; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (), was the 14th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was known for promoting Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained ...
. In 1607,
Prince Jeongwon
Wonjong of Joseon or Prince Jeongwon (2 August 1580 – 2 February 1619) was a prince during the Joseon dynasty. He was a son by a concubine to the Joseon dynasty's 14th monarch, king Seonjo, and half brother of king Gwanghaegun and father of ...
's son was given the title, Lord Neungyang (綾陽都正, 능양도정) and later Prince Neungyang (綾陽君, 능양군); and lived as a royal family member, unsupported by any political factions that were in control of Korean politics at the time.
In 1608,
King Seonjo
Seonjo (; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (), was the 14th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was known for promoting Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained ...
fell sick and died, and his son,
Gwanghaegun, succeeded him to the throne. At the time, the government was divided by various political factions and the liberal
Eastern
Eastern or Easterns may refer to:
Transportation
Airlines
*China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai
* Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways
*Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 192 ...
political faction came out strong after the
Japanese invasions of 1582–1598, as they fought most actively against the Japanese. The Eastern faction split during the last days of
King Seonjo
Seonjo (; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (), was the 14th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was known for promoting Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained ...
into the
Northern
Northern may refer to the following:
Geography
* North
North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating ...
and
Southern political factions. The Northern faction wanted radical reform, while the Southern faction supported more moderate measures. At the time of
Seonjo
Seonjo (; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (), was the 14th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was known for promoting Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained ...
's death, the Northern faction, which gained control of the government at the time, was divided into left-wing Greater Northerners and more moderate Lesser Northerners. As
Gwanghaegun inherited the throne, the Greater Northern political faction, which supported him as heir to the crown, became the major political faction in the royal court. Meanwhile, the conservative Western political faction remained a minor player, unable to gain power; however many members of the Western faction continued to look for opportunities to return to politics as the ruling faction.
The coup of 1623
Although King
Gwanghaegun (光海君, 광해군) was an outstanding administrator and great diplomat, he was largely unsupported by many politicians, scholars, and aristocrats because he was not the first-born and he was born of a concubine. Greater Northerners tried to stomp out those opinions, suppressing Lesser Northerners and killing Prince Imhae (臨海君, 임해군), the oldest son of
Seonjo
Seonjo (; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (), was the 14th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was known for promoting Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained ...
, and Grand Prince Yeongchang (永昌大君, 영창대군), the queen's son. It was not
Gwanghaegun's plan to keep his throne; and in fact, he actually tried to bring minor factions into the government, but was blocked by opposition from members of the Greater Northerners, such as
Jeong In-hong Jeong (the Revised Romanization spelling of ) may refer to:
*Jeong (surname)
*Jeong (given name)
*Qing (concept)
In Chinese philosophy, ''qing'' ( zh, c=, p=qíng) is a concept translated variously as "emotion", "feeling", "sentiment", or "passion" ...
and
Yi I-cheom
Yi or YI may refer to:
Philosophic principle
* Yi (philosophy) (义; 義, righteousness, justice) among the Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues
Ethnic groups
* Dongyi, the Eastern Yi, or Tung-yi (Chinese: , ''Yí''), ancient peo ...
. The actions made
Gwanghaegun even more unpopular among wealthy aristocrats, and they finally began plotting against him.
In 1623, members of the ultra-conservative Westerners faction,
Kim Ja-jeom
Kim may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Kim (given name), a list of people and fictional characters
* Kim (surname), a list of people and fictional characters
** Kim (Korean surname)
*** Kim dynasty (disambiguation), several dynas ...
,
Kim Ryu,
Yi Gwi and
Yi Gwal
Yi Kwal (; 1562 – 14 February 1624) was a general during the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, known for the failed Yi Kwal's Rebellion. His family belonged to the Goseong Yi clan.
He rebelled against King Injo in 1624, but failed. Yi Kwal was then ki ...
, launched a coup that resulted in the dethroning of
Gwanghaegun, who was sent into exile on
Jeju Island
Jeju Island (Jeju language, Jeju/) is South Korea's largest island, covering an area of , which is 1.83% of the total area of the country. Alongside outlying islands, it is part of Jeju Province and makes up the majority of the province.
The i ...
.
Jeong In-hong Jeong (the Revised Romanization spelling of ) may refer to:
*Jeong (surname)
*Jeong (given name)
*Qing (concept)
In Chinese philosophy, ''qing'' ( zh, c=, p=qíng) is a concept translated variously as "emotion", "feeling", "sentiment", or "passion" ...
and Yi Yicheom were killed, and this was followed suddenly by the Westerners replacing the Greater Northerners as the ruling political faction. The Westerners brought Injo to the palace and crowned him as the new
King of Joseon
The Joseon dynasty ruled Korea, succeeding the 400-year-old Goryeo dynasty in 1392 through the Japanese occupation in 1910. Twenty-seven kings ruled over united Korea for more than 500 years.
List of kings
See also
* List of monarchs of Korea ...
. Although Injo was king, he did not have any authority since almost all of the power was held by the Western faction that had dethroned
Gwanghaegun.
Yi Gwal's Rebellion
Yi Gwal
Yi Kwal (; 1562 – 14 February 1624) was a general during the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, known for the failed Yi Kwal's Rebellion. His family belonged to the Goseong Yi clan.
He rebelled against King Injo in 1624, but failed. Yi Kwal was then ki ...
thought he was mistreated and received too small a reward for his role in the coup. In 1624, he rebelled against Injo after being sent to the Northern front as military commander of
Pyongyang
Pyongyang () is the Capital city, capital and largest city of North Korea, where it is sometimes labeled as the "Capital of the Revolution" (). Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. Accordi ...
to fight against the expanding Manchus, while other significant leaders of the coup were rewarded with positions in the King's court.
Yi Gwal
Yi Kwal (; 1562 – 14 February 1624) was a general during the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, known for the failed Yi Kwal's Rebellion. His family belonged to the Goseong Yi clan.
He rebelled against King Injo in 1624, but failed. Yi Kwal was then ki ...
led 12,000 troops, including 100 Japanese (who defected to Joseon during
Japanese invasions of Korea Japanese invasions of Korea may refer to:
*Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
*Donghak Peasant Revolution
** Japanese occupation of Gyeongbokgung
*Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was fou ...
), to the capital,
Hanseong
The region now corresponding to Seoul, South Korea has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age. It has been the capital of a number of kingdoms since it was established.
Prehistoric
It is believed that humans were living in the area that is n ...
, where
Yi Gwal
Yi Kwal (; 1562 – 14 February 1624) was a general during the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, known for the failed Yi Kwal's Rebellion. His family belonged to the Goseong Yi clan.
He rebelled against King Injo in 1624, but failed. Yi Kwal was then ki ...
defeated a regular army under the command of General
Jang Man
Jang may refer to:
*Jang (Marshall Islands), part of Maloelap Atoll, in the Marshall Islands
* Jang, Nepal, a village development committee in the Rapti Zone of western Nepal
* Jang, the Tibetan name for Naxi, a county-level district of Luzhou c ...
(
张晚) and surrounded
Hanseong
The region now corresponding to Seoul, South Korea has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age. It has been the capital of a number of kingdoms since it was established.
Prehistoric
It is believed that humans were living in the area that is n ...
in what is known as the Battle of Jeotan. Injo fled to
Gongju
Gongju (; ) is a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea.
History
Gongju was formerly named Ungjin and was the capital of Baekje from AD 475 to 538. In this period, Baekje was under threat from Goguryeo. Goguryeo had overrun the previ ...
, and
Hanseong
The region now corresponding to Seoul, South Korea has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age. It has been the capital of a number of kingdoms since it was established.
Prehistoric
It is believed that humans were living in the area that is n ...
fell into the hands of the rebels.
On February 11, 1624,
Yi Gwal
Yi Kwal (; 1562 – 14 February 1624) was a general during the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, known for the failed Yi Kwal's Rebellion. His family belonged to the Goseong Yi clan.
He rebelled against King Injo in 1624, but failed. Yi Kwal was then ki ...
enthroned Prince Heungan (興安君, 흥안군) as the new King. However, General Jang Man soon returned with another regiment and defeated
Yi Gwal
Yi Kwal (; 1562 – 14 February 1624) was a general during the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, known for the failed Yi Kwal's Rebellion. His family belonged to the Goseong Yi clan.
He rebelled against King Injo in 1624, but failed. Yi Kwal was then ki ...
's forces. The Korean army recaptured the capital soon after, and
Yi Gwal
Yi Kwal (; 1562 – 14 February 1624) was a general during the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, known for the failed Yi Kwal's Rebellion. His family belonged to the Goseong Yi clan.
He rebelled against King Injo in 1624, but failed. Yi Kwal was then ki ...
was murdered by his bodyguard, ending the rebellion. Even though Injo kept his throne, the uprising displayed the weaknesses of royal authority while asserting the superiority of the aristocrats, who had gained even more power by fighting against the rebellion. The economy, which was experiencing a slight recovery from
Gwanghaegun's reconstruction, was again ruined, and Korea would remain in a poor economic state for a few centuries.
War with Later Jin and Qing
King
Gwanghaegun, who was considered a wise diplomat, kept his neutral policy between the
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...
, which was Joseon's traditional ally, and the growing Jurchens (later Manchus and Qing dynasty). However, following the fall of
Gwanghaegun, conservative Westerners took a hard-line policy toward the Jurchen-led
Later Jin dynasty, keeping their alliance with Ming dynasty. The Later Jin, who had up until that time remained mostly friendly to Joseon, began to regard Joseon as an enemy.
Han Yun, who participated in the rebellion of
Yi Gwal
Yi Kwal (; 1562 – 14 February 1624) was a general during the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, known for the failed Yi Kwal's Rebellion. His family belonged to the Goseong Yi clan.
He rebelled against King Injo in 1624, but failed. Yi Kwal was then ki ...
, fled to Manchuria and urged the Later Jin ruler
Nurhaci
Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing, was the founding khan of the Jurchen people, Jurchen-led Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty.
As the leader of the House of Aisin-Gi ...
to attack Joseon; thus the friendly relationship between the Later Jin and Joseon ended.
In 1627, 30,000 Manchu cavalry under General
Amin (阿敏) and former Korean General
Gang Hong-rip
Gang Hong-rip (; 1560 – 6 September 1627In lunar calendar, Gang died on 27 July 1627) was a Korean general during the Joseon period.
Under repeated requests from Ming China, Gwanghaegun commanded Gang Hongrip to help Ming forces with ten ...
invaded
Joseon
Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom w ...
, calling for the restoration of
Gwanghaegun and the execution of Westerners leaders, including
Kim Ja-jeom
Kim may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Kim (given name), a list of people and fictional characters
* Kim (surname), a list of people and fictional characters
** Kim (Korean surname)
*** Kim dynasty (disambiguation), several dynas ...
. General
Jang Man
Jang may refer to:
*Jang (Marshall Islands), part of Maloelap Atoll, in the Marshall Islands
* Jang, Nepal, a village development committee in the Rapti Zone of western Nepal
* Jang, the Tibetan name for Naxi, a county-level district of Luzhou c ...
again fought against the Later Jin, but was unable to repel the invasion. Once again, Injo fled to
Ganghwa Island
Ganghwa Island (), also Ganghwado, is an island in Ganghwa County, Incheon, South Korea. It is in the Yellow Sea and in an estuary of the Han River.
The island is separated from Gimpo (on the South Korean mainland) by a narrow channel spanned ...
. Meanwhile, the Later Jin had no reason to attack Joseon and decided to go back to prepare for war against the Ming, and peace soon settled. The Later Jin and Joseon dynasties were declared brother nations and the Later Jin withdrew from the Korean peninsula.
However, most Westerners kept their hard-line policy despite the war. Nurhaci, who had generally good opinion toward Korea, did not invade Korea again; however, when Nurhaci died and
Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin ...
succeeded him as ruler, the Later Jin again began to seek another chance for war. King Injo provided refuge to Ming general
Mao Wenlong
Mao Wenlong (; 10 February 1576 – 24 July 1629), courtesy name Zhennan, was a Chinese military general of the Ming dynasty, best known for commanding an independent detachment based in Dongjiang, a strategically important island in the Yellow ...
and with his unit, after they fled from the Later Jin and came to Korea; this action caused the Later Jin to invade Korea once again.
In 1636, Hong Taiji officially renamed his dynasty the
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...
, and proceeded to invade Joseon personally. The Qing forces purposely avoided battle with General
Im Gyeong-eop
Im Gyeong-eop (; 1594 – 1646) was a Korean general during the Joseon period. He participated in Korea's war against the Later Jin invasion of Joseon and Qing invasion of Joseon in the 17th century. After Ming forces surrendered to the Qing, ...
, a prominent Joseon army commander who was guarding the
Uiju
Ŭiju is a kun, or county, in North Pyongan Province, North Korea. The county has an area of 420 km2, and a population of 110,018 (2008 data).
Name
Ŭiju appears as Uiju in South Korea's Revised Romanization and as Yizhou in Chinese source ...
Fortress at the time. A Qing army of 128,000 men marched directly into
Hanseong
The region now corresponding to Seoul, South Korea has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age. It has been the capital of a number of kingdoms since it was established.
Prehistoric
It is believed that humans were living in the area that is n ...
before Injo could escape to
Ganghwa Island
Ganghwa Island (), also Ganghwado, is an island in Ganghwa County, Incheon, South Korea. It is in the Yellow Sea and in an estuary of the Han River.
The island is separated from Gimpo (on the South Korean mainland) by a narrow channel spanned ...
, driving Injo to
Namhan Mountain Fortress instead. Running out of food and supplies after the Manchu managed to cut all supply lines, Injo finally surrendered to the Qing dynasty ceremoniously bowing to the Hong Taiji nine times as Hong Taiji's servant, and agreeing to the
Treaty of Samjeondo
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention ...
, which required Injo's first and second son to be taken to China as captives.
Joseon
Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom w ...
then became a
tributary state
A tributary state is a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power (the suzerain). This token often ...
to the Qing dynasty, and the Qing went on to conquer the
Central Plain in 1644.
Death of the Crown Prince
After
Qing
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...
conquered Beijing in 1644, the two princes returned to Korea. Injo's first son,
Crown Prince Sohyeon
Crown Prince Sohyeon (, 5 February 1612 – 21 May 1645) was the first son of King Injo of Joseon Dynasty.
Sohyeon was a hostage in the Manchu court at Shenyang, by the terms of the peace treaty concluded after War in 1636. He moved to Be ...
, brought many new products from the western world, including
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...
, and urged Injo for reform. However, the conservative Injo would not accept his ideas and persecuted the Crown Prince for attempting to bring in foreign Catholicism and Western science into Korea.
The Crown Prince was mysteriously found dead in the King's room, bleeding severely from the head. Legends say that Injo killed his own son with an
ink slab that Sohyeon brought from China;
however, some historians suggest he was poisoned by the fact that he had black spots all over his body after his death and that his body decomposed rapidly. Many, including his wife, tried to uncover what happened but Injo ordered immediate burial and greatly reduced the grandeur of the practice of Crown Prince's funeral. King Injo even shortened the funeral period for his son.
Later, Injo also executed Sohyeon's wife who tried to find out the real reason for her husband's death.
King Injo appointed Grand Prince Bongrim as new Crown Prince (who later became
King Hyojong
Hyojong (; 3 July 1619 – 23 June 1659), personal name Yi Ho (), was the 17th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He is best known for his plan for an expedition to help China's Ming Dynasty fight against China's Qing dynasty, and his camp ...
) rather than Prince Sohyeon's oldest son, Prince Gyeongseon. Soon after, Injo ordered the exile of Prince Sohyeon's three sons to Jeju Island (from which only the youngest son, Prince Gyeongan, returned to the mainland alive) and the execution of Sohyeon's wife, Crown Princess Minhoe, for treason.
Legacy
Today, Injo is mostly regarded as a weak, indecisive and unstable ruler; for he caused the Yi Gwal Rebellion, two wars with the Qing dynasty, and a devastation of the economy. He is often compared negatively to his predecessor, Gwanghaegun, who was dethroned, while Injo had almost no achievements during his reign and was still given a temple name. Blamed for not taking care of his kingdom, many people regard King Injo as a model for politicians not to follow; yet, he is credited for reforming the military and expanding the defense of the nation to prepare for war, since the nation had several military conflicts from 1592 to 1636. Injo died in 1649.
His tomb is located in
Paju
Paju (; ) is a Administrative divisions of South Korea, city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Paju was made a city in 1997; it had previously been a county (''gun'').
The city area of Paju is ,"Paju (Gyeonggi-do Province)." ''Naver Encyclopedi ...
,
Gyeonggi Province
Gyeonggi Province (, ) is the most populous province in South Korea.
Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level ''special city'' since 1946. Incheon, ...
.
Family
* Father:
Wonjong of Joseon
Wonjong of Joseon or Prince Jeongwon (2 August 1580 – 2 February 1619) was a prince during the Joseon Dynasty, Joseon dynasty. He was a son by a concubine to the Joseon Dynasty, Joseon dynasty's 14th monarch, king Seonjo of Joseon, Seonjo, an ...
(; 2 August 1580 – 29 December 1619)
** Grandfather:
King Seonjo of Joseon
Seonjo (; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (), was the 14th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was known for promoting Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained ...
(; 26 November 1552 – 16 March 1608)
** Grandmother: Royal Noble Consort In of the Suwon Kim clan (; 1555 – 10 December 1613)
* Mother:
Queen Inheon
Queen Inheon of the Neungseong Gu clan (; 2 June 1578 – 10 February 1626), also known as Lady Gyewoon (), was the wife of Grand Internal Prince Jeongwon and the biological mother of King Injo of Joseon.
Biography Early life
The future Queen ...
of the
Neungseong Gu clan
The Neungseong Gu clan () is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Hwasun County, South Jeolla Province. According to the research held in 2015, the number of Neungseong Gu clan's member was 174,161. Their founder was who exiled himself ...
(; 17 April 1578 – 14 January 1626)
Consort(s) and their respective issue
*
Queen Inyeol of the
Cheongju Han clan
The Cheongju Han clan () is a Korean clan well known for their many female members including six queens.
The Cheongju Han clan was one of the most prominent clans during the Goryeo period and Joseon period, currently, the Cheongju Han is kno ...
(; 16 August 1594 – 16 January 1636)
**
Yi Wang, Crown Prince Sohyeon (; 5 February 1612 – 21 May 1645), first son
**
Yi Ho, Grand Prince Bongrim (; 3 July 1619 – 23 June 1659), second son
**
Yi Yo, Grand Prince Inpyeong (; 10 December 1622 – 13 May 1658), third son
** Yi Gon, Grand Prince Yongseong (; 24 October 1624 – 22 December 1629), fourth son
** ''First daughter'' (1626–1626)
** ''Fifth son'' (1629–1629)
** ''Sixth son'' (12 January 1636 – 16 January 1636)
*
Queen Jangnyeol
Queen Jangryeol (; 6 December 1624 – 10 September 1688), of the Yangju Jo clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and second queen consort of Yi Jong, King Injo, the 16th Joseon monarch. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1638 until ...
of the Yangju Jo clan (; 16 December 1624 – 20 September 1688)
*
Royal Consort Gwi-in of the Okcheon Jo clan (; 1619 – 24 January 1652)
**
Princess Hyomyeong (; 1637–1700), second daughter
** Yi Jing, Prince Sungseon (; 17 October 1639 – 6 January 1690), seventh son
** Yi Suk, Prince Nakseon (; 9 December 1641 – 26 April 1695), eighth son
* Royal Consort Gwi-in of the
Deoksu Jang clan
The Deoksu Jang clan () is the bon-gwan or Korean clan from Kaepung County, North Hwanghae Province. The clan was founded by , an Arab- Uiguric Muslim civil servant who served in the Goryeo court.
According to the Korean census held in 2015, the ...
(; 1630–1671)
* Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Na clan (; 1631–?)
* Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Park clan ()
* Royal Consort Suk-won of the Jang clan ()
* Court Lady Yi (; 1605–1643)
In popular culture
*Portrayed by
Kim Dong-hoon
Kim may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Kim (given name), a list of people and fictional characters
* Kim (surname), a list of people and fictional characters
** Kim (Korean surname)
*** Kim dynasty (disambiguation), several dynasti ...
in the 1981
KBS1
KBS 1TV is a South Korean free-to-air television channel that launched on 31 December 1961 and is owned by Korean Broadcasting System. The channel offers more serious programming than its sister channel KBS2, and airs with no commercials.
Hi ...
TV series ''
Daemyeong
''Daemyeong'' () is a 1981 South Korean television series starring Kim Dong-hoon, Kim Heung-ki, Seo Young-jin, Won Mi-kyung, Kim Sung-won and Baek Il-sub. It aired on KBS1 from January 5, 1981 until December 28, 1981 every Mondays for 52 episodes ...
''.
*Portrayed by
Yu In-chon
Yu In-chon (, born March 20, 1951) is a South Korean actor and the current Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (South Korea), Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism under president Yoon Suk Yeol, the position which he previously held under ...
in the 1986–1987
MBC TV series ''500 Years of Joseon: Namhan Mountain Fortress''.
*Portrayed by
Ahn Dae-yong Ahn or AHN may refer to:
People
* Ahn (Korean surname), a Korean family name occasionally Romanized as ''An''
* Ahn Byeong-keun (born 1962, ), South Korean judoka
* Ahn Eak-tai (1906–1965, ), Korean composer and conductor
* Ahn Jung-hwan (born 1 ...
in 1995
KBS
The Korean Broadcasting System (KBS; ) is the national broadcaster of South Korea. Founded in 1927, it is one of the leading South Korean television and radio broadcasters under the government of South Korea.
The KBS operates seven radio net ...
TV series ''
West Palace
''West Palace'' () is a 1995 South Korean television series starring Lee Young-ae, Kim Kyu-chul and Lee Bo-hee. It aired on KBS2 from July 7 to December 26, 1995, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:40 for 52 episodes.
Synopsis
The series is based on th ...
''.
*Portrayed by
Lee Byung-joon
Lee Byung-joon (; born January 27, 1964) is a South Korean actor. Active in film, television and theater since 1985, Lee is best known for his supporting roles in '' A Bloody Aria'' (2006), '' Highway Star'' (2007), and ''Eye for an Eye'' (2008) ...
in the 2000–2002 MBC TV series ''
Tamra, the Island
''Tamra, the Island'' () is a 2009 South Korean television series starring Seo Woo, Im Joo-hwan and Pierre Deporte. It aired on MBC from August 8 to September 27, 2009 on Saturdays and Sundays at 19:55 for 20 episodes.
It is a historical dra ...
''.
*Portrayed by
Kim Chang-wan
Kim Chang Wan (; born February 22, 1954) is a South Korean singer, actor, and writer.
Early life and education
Kim along with his younger brothers Kim Chang-hoon and Kim Chang-ik, began composing music during their mid-teens, and formed the ...
in the 2008
SBS TV series ''
Iljimae
''Iljimae'' (; literally "One blossom branch") is a 2008 South Korean period-action television series, starring Lee Joon-gi in the title role of Iljimae. It is an original story based on the Korean folk hero and gentleman thief "Iljimae" fro ...
''.
*Portrayed by
Choi Jung-woo
Choi Jung-woo (; February 17, 1957 – May 27, 2025) was a South Korean actor. He began his acting career in theater, then became active as a supporting actor in film and television, notably in the sitcom '' Standby'' and the procedural drama
...
in the 2008
KBS2
KBS 2TV is a South Korean free-to-air
Free-to-air (FTA) services are television (TV) and radio services broadcast in unencrypted form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen ...
TV series ''
Strongest Chil Woo
''Strongest Chil Woo'' (), also known as ''Chilwu the Mighty'', is a 2008 South Korean historical drama that aired on KBS2. The titular hero is similar to a Zorro during the Joseon period.
The drama served as the last project of actor Lee Eon ...
''.
*Portrayed by
Kim Kap-soo
Kim Kap-soo (; born April 7, 1957) is a South Korean actor. Since his acting debut in 1977, Kim has had a long career on the stage, in television dramas and film. In addition to acting full-time, he also has his own master class acting studio.
...
in the 2010 KBS2 TV series ''
The Slave Hunters
''The Slave Hunters'' () is a 2010 South Korean action historical drama set in the Joseon Dynasty about a slave hunter (played by Jang Hyuk) who is tracking down a general-turned-runaway slave ( Oh Ji-ho) as well as searching for the woman he ...
''.
*Portrayed by
Sunwoo Jae-duk
Sunwoo Jae-duk (born July 23, 1962) is a South Korean actor.
Filmography
Television series
Film
Variety show
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Sunwoo Jae-duk Fan Cafeat Daum
*
*
*
* http://www.sghett ...
in the 2012–2013 MBC TV series ''
The King's Doctor
''The King's Doctor'' (; lit. ''Horse Doctor'') is a 2012 South Korean television series depicting Baek Gwang-hyeon (1625–1697), Joseon Dynasty veterinarian, starring Cho Seung-woo and Lee Yo-won. It aired on MBC from October 1, 2012 to Ma ...
''.
*Portrayed by
Lee Deok-hwa
Lee Deok-hwa (; born May 8, 1952) is a South Korean actor.
Career
Lee Deok-hwa studied theater and film at Dongguk University, and made his acting debut in 1972. He and his father, movie star Lee Ye-chun starred together in the 1975 horror fil ...
in the 2013
JTBC
JTBC (shortened from Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company; ; stylized in all lowercase) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network. Its primary shareholder is JoongAng Holdings, with a 25% stake. It was launched on December 1, ...
TV series ''
Blooded Palace: The War of Flowers''.
*Portrayed by
Kim Myung-soo
Kim Myung-soo (; born March 13, 1992), also known professionally as L (, is a South Korean singer and actor. He debuted as a vocalist of boy band Infinite in 2010 and its sub-group Infinite F in 2014.
Early life
Kim Myungsoo was born on March ...
in the 2014
tvN TV series ''
The Three Musketeers
''The Three Musketeers'' () is a French historical adventure novel written and published in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas. It is the first of the author's three d'Artagnan Romances. As with some of his other works, he wrote it in col ...
''.
*Portrayed by
Kim Jae-won
Kim JaewonThe actor indicates a preference of spelling his name "Jaewon" (without a space or hyphen) on hiofficial website. (born 18 February 1981) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for the television dramas '' Romance'' (2002), '' Liste ...
in the 2015 MBC TV series ''
Splendid Politics
''Splendid Politics'' () is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Cha Seung-won, Lee Yeon-hee, Kim Jaewon, Seo Kang-joon, Han Joo-wan and Jo Sung-ha. It aired on MBC from April 13 to September 29, 2015 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 2 ...
''.
*Portrayed by
Park Hae-il
Park Hae-il (; born 26 January 1977) is a South Korean actor. He began his acting career in theater, but soon gained the film industry's attention in 2003 with '' Scent of Love'' and '' Memories of Murder''. Park's film career took off, with lea ...
in the 2017 film ''
The Fortress''.
*Portrayed by
Kang Tae-oh
Kim Yoon-hwan (; born June 20, 1994), known professionally as Kang Tae-oh () is a South Korean actor and singer. He was a member of the actor group 5urprise. He rose to international popularity for his starring role in the television series '' ...
in the 2019 KBS2 TV series ''
The Tale of Nokdu
''The Tale of Nokdu'' () is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Jang Dong-yoon, Kim So-hyun, Kang Tae-oh, and Jung Joon-ho. It is based on the webtoon by Hye Jin-yang which was published in 2014 on Naver Webtoon. It aired on KBS2 fro ...
''.
*portrayed by
Lee Min-jae
Lee Min-jae (; born January 21, 2000) is a South Korean actor under Ikkle Entertainment. He is best known in ''Train'' (2020) and ''Crash Course in Romance'' (2023).
Early life
Lee was born in 2000, in South Korea. He graduated from Chung-Ang U ...
in 2021
MBN TV series ''
Bossam: Steal the Fate''.
*Portrayed by
Jo Kwan-woo
Jo Kwan-woo (; born August 3, 1965) is a South Korean singer and actor. He debuted as a singer in 1994 and experienced great success with his second album, 1995's ''Memory'', which sold 3 million copies and is considered one of the best albums o ...
in the 2021 tvN TV series ''
Secret Royal Inspector & Joy
''Secret Royal Inspector & Joy'' () is a 2021 South Korean television series starring Ok Taec-yeon and Kim Hye-yoon. It aired on tvN from November 8 to December 28, 2021. It is also available for streaming on iQIYI and Viu in selected territori ...
''.
* Portrayed by
Yoo Hae-jin
Yoo Hae-jin (; born January 4, 1970) is a South Korean actor. After graduating with a Theater degree from Seoul Institute of the Arts, he became a member of Theater troupe The Mokwha Repertoire Company. He has established himself as one of the ...
in the 2022 film ''
The Night Owl''.
* Portrayed by Kim Jong-tae in the 2023 MBC TV series ''
My Dearest
''My Dearest'' () is a 2023 South Korean television series starring Namkoong Min, Ahn Eun-jin, Lee Hak-joo, Lee Da-in, Kim Yoon-woo, and Lee Chung-ah. According to writer Hwang Jin-young, it is inspired by the 1936 novel ''Gone with the Win ...
''.
See also
*
History of Korea
The Lower Paleolithic era on the Korean Peninsula and in Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago.
Christopher J. Norton, "The Current State of Korean Paleoanthropology", (2000), ''Journal of Human Evolution'', 38: 803–825.
The earl ...
*
List of monarchs of Korea
This is a list of monarchs of Korea, arranged by dynasty. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune–Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.
Gojoseon
G ...
References
{{Authority control
1595 births
1649 deaths
17th-century Korean monarchs