Primorskaya Oblast () was an administrative division of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

and the early

Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

, created on October 31, 1856 by the

Governing Senate From 1711 to 1917, the Governing Senate was the highest legislative, judicial, and executive body subordinate to the Russian emperors. The senate was instituted by Peter the Great to replace the Boyar Duma and lasted until the very end of the R ...

.''History of Soviet Primorye'', pg. 31 The name of the region literally means "Maritime" or "Coastal." The region was established upon a Russian conquest of

Daur people The Daurs, Dagur, Daghur, or Dahur ( Dagur:Daure; Khalkha Mongolian: , ; ; Russian: Дауры, Daury) are a Mongolic people originally native to Dauriya and now predominantly located in Northeast China (and Siberia, Russia, in the past). The ...

that used to live along

Amur River The Amur River () or Heilong River ( zh, s=黑龙江) is a perennial river in Northeast Asia, forming the natural border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China (historically the Outer and Inner Manchuria). The Amur ''proper'' is ...

. Before the Russian conquest of

Outer Manchuria Outer Manchuria, sometimes called Russian Manchuria, refers to a region in Northeast Asia that is now part of the Russian Far East but historically formed part of Manchuria (until the mid-19th century). While Manchuria now more normatively refer ...

, the territory belonged to the Chinese region of

Manchuria Manchuria is a historical region in northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day northeast China and parts of the modern-day Russian Far East south of the Uda (Khabarovsk Krai), Uda River and the Tukuringra-Dzhagdy Ranges. The exact ...

History

The

Amur The Amur River () or Heilong River ( zh, s=黑龙江) is a perennial river in Northeast Asia, forming the natural border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China (historically the Outer Manchuria, Outer and Inner Manchuria). The Amur ...

region was raided by the 1651 Russian expedition of Yerofey Khabarov, after which the indigenous

were either killed or fled further into territory of

Qing China The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty ...

. After the Russian conquest, the territory became known as

, or Russian Manchuria. The precursor of Primorskaya Oblast was the Albazino Voivodeship that existed 1882-86 and was abolished upon the conclusion of the Sino-Russian border conflicts. At first it was part of the Eastern Siberian General Government, but beginning 1884 within the Cis-Amur General Government. Originally the oblast included the entire northeastern portion of Russia and territories of the Cis-Amur region. It was organized out of the newly acquired territories of the valley of the River Amur, Kamchatka Oblast, and

Sakhalin Sakhalin ( rus, Сахали́н, p=səxɐˈlʲin) is an island in Northeast Asia. Its north coast lies off the southeastern coast of Khabarovsk Krai in Russia, while its southern tip lies north of the Japanese island of Hokkaido. An islan ...

. In 1858 the territory bordering along the left-bank of the

to the outlet of the

Ussuri River The Ussuri ( ; ) or Wusuli ( ) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China in the province of Heilongjiang. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and for ...

was transferred to the newly established

Amur Oblast Amur Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south. The administrati ...

. At that time the region only included four districts: Nikolayevsk, Sofiysk, Okhotsk, Kamchatka. According to the Peking Treaty, in 1860 the Ussuri Krai was annexed to the region, based on the

Treaty of Aigun The Treaty of Aigun was an 1858 treaty between the Russian Empire and Yishan, official of the Qing dynasty of China. It established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and China by ceding much of Manchuria (the ancestral h ...

and the

Convention of Peking The Convention of Peking or First Convention of Peking is an agreement comprising three distinct unequal treaties concluded between the Qing dynasty of China and Great Britain, France, and the Russian Empire in 1860. Background On 18 October ...

. During 1880-1888 there was created a separate ''Vladivostok Military Governorate'' that included Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula and the port of

Vladivostok Vladivostok ( ; , ) is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai and the capital of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. It is located around the Zolotoy Rog, Golden Horn Bay on the Sea of Japan, covering an area o ...

. In 1884

was separated as a separate administrative territory. The capital of the oblast was originally Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, during 1880-1888 – Khabarovka (presently named

Khabarovsk Khabarovsk ( ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about north of Vladivostok. As of the 2021 Russian c ...

), and during 1888 it was relocated to

. In 1920, Primorskaya Oblast was included in the

Far Eastern Republic The Far Eastern Republic ( rus, Дальневосточная Республика, Dal'nevostochnaya Respublika, p=dəlʲnʲɪvɐˈstotɕnəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə, links=yes; ), sometimes called the Chita Republic (, ), was a nominally indep ...

and in 1922 transformed into the Primorskaya Governorate. From 1932-39, there existed a region with the same name that was part of the Far Eastern Krai of the

Gallery

File:Map of Irkutsk Namestnichestvo 1792 (small atlas).jpg, Irkutsk Vice-royalty in 1792. File:Map irk gub 1808.jpg,

Irkutsk Governorate Irkutsk Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, located in Siberia. It existed from 1764 to 1926; its seat was in the city of Irkutsk. Demographics References

Irkutsk Governorate, ...

(Eastern Siberia) in 1808. File:Yakutsk Amursk Primorye Oblast.jpg, Eastern Siberia. File:John-Tallis-1851-Tibet-Mongolia-and-Manchuria-NE.jpg, 1851 map of

region. File:Primorskaya_oblast_(region)_of_Russian_Impire.jpg, Map of Primorskaya Oblast in 1899 File:Map_of_Primorsk_Oblast,_1913.gif, Map of Primorskaya Oblast in 1913

Administrative divisions

In 1907

References

Notes

Sources

*"История Советского Приморья" (''History of the Soviet Primorye''), под ред. А. И. Крушанова (ed. A. I. Krushanov). Дальневосточное книжное издательство. Владивосток, 1976.

External links

* Ilyinykh, V., Sviryukova, V.
Primorskaya Oblast
'. Historical Encyclopedia of Siberia. 2009.
Map of the Moscow Tsardom
before the 1689

Treaty of Nerchinsk The Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 was the first treaty between the Tsardom of Russia and the Qing dynasty of China after the defeat of Russia by Qing China at the Siege of Albazin in 1686. The Russians gave up the area north of the Amur River as ...

. "History.ru"
Map of

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

in 17th century. "History.ru"
World map
of the mid 18th century. "History.ru"
Map of
the

in 18th century. "History.ru" {{coord, 43.1167, N, 131.9000, E, source:wikidata, display=title Oblasts of the Russian Empire States and territories established in 1856