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The article is a list of heads of state of Lithuania over historical Lithuanian state. The timeline includes all heads of state of Lithuania as a sovereign entity, legitimately part of a greater sovereign entity, a client state, or a Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republic subject to an outside authority. Currently, the head of state is the President of Lithuania.
During the inaugurations of List of Lithuanian monarchs, Lithuanian monarchs until 1569, the Gediminas' Cap was placed on the monarch's heads by the Bishop of Vilnius in Vilnius Cathedral.
1236
–
1253
''(as Grand Duke)''
1253
–
1263
''(as King)'', , , ,
Son of mythological Ringaudas , , Nomen nescio, NN, sister of Morta
2 children
Morta (queen), Morta
2 children , , 1263
Aglona
Assassinated by Treniota
and Daumantas
Aged about 60 , -
1263
–
1264, ,
, , ''Unknown''
Son of Nomen nescio, NN,
Mindaugas' sister
and Vykintas , , ''Unknown''
1 child , , 1264
Murdered by servants
loyal to Mindaugas' son Vaišvilkas , - , Grand Duke
1264
–
1267, ,
, , ''Unknown''
Son of Mindaugas
and Morta (queen), Morta , , Unmarried and
childless, , 1268
Was murdered
by Leo I of Galicia , -
1267
–
1269, , , ,
Halych
Son of Daniel of Galicia , , Nomen nescio, NN, daughter of Mindaugas
No children , ,
Chełm, Kholm
Aged about 39 , -
1270
–
1282, ,
, , 1220 , , Ona of Masovia
1 child, , 1282
Kernavė
Aged 62 , - , Grand Duke
1282
–
1285, , , , ''Unknown'' , , ''Unknown'' , , 3 March 1285
Died in a battle by Tver , -
1285
–
1291, , , , ''None known'' , , ''Unknown''
Son of
Skalmantas (?) , , ''Unknown'' , , 1291 , - , Grand Duke
1291
–
1295, , , , ''None known'' , , ''Unknown''
Son of
Skalmantas (?) , , ''Unknown'' , , , - , Grand Duke
1295
–
1316, , , , ''None known'' , , 1260
Son of Butvydas , , Vikinda
1 child, , 1316
Aged 56 , - , Grand Duke
1316
–
1341, , , , ''None known'' , ,
Son of Butvydas , , Jaunė
13 children , ,
Raudonė
Aged about 66 , - , Grand Duke
1341
–
1345, , , , ''None known'' , ,
Son of Gediminas
and Jaunė, , ''Unknown''
3 children , ,
Aged 57−60 , - , Grand Duke
''(Diarchy with Kęstutis)''
1345
–
1377 , , , , , ,
Son of Gediminas
and Jaunė, , Maria of Vitebsk
6 children
Uliana of Tver
8 children, ,
Maišiagala
Aged about 81 , - , Grand Duke
''(Diarchy with Kęstutis)''
May 1377
–
August 1381, , , , , ,
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Jadwiga of Poland
No children
Anna of Cilli
1 child
Elizabeth Granowska
No children
Sophia of Halshany
2 children , , 1 June 1434
Horodok, Lviv Oblast, Gródek Jagielloński
Aged 72−82 , - , Grand Duke
1381
–
1382 , ,
, , , ,
Senieji Trakai
Son of Gediminas
and Jaunė, , Birutė
3 children, , 1382
Kreva
Murdered by the order of
Jogaila while imprisoned
Aged 84–85 , - , Grand Duke
3 August 1382
–
1 June 1434
''()'', , , , , ,
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Jadwiga of Poland
No children
Anna of Cilli
1 child
Elizabeth Granowska
No children
Sophia of Halshany
2 children , , 1 June 1434
Horodok, Lviv Oblast, Gródek Jagielloński
Aged 72−82 , - , - ! colspan="6" , Act of Kreva signed in 1385
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania ''de jure'' are ruled by one monarch but remain to be separate states. , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
3 August 1382
–
1 June 1434
''()'', , , , , ,
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Jadwiga of Poland
No children
Anna of Cilli
1 child
Elizabeth Granowska
No children
Sophia of Halshany
2 children , , 1 June 1434
Horodok, Lviv Oblast, Gródek Jagielloński
Aged 72−82 , - , - , Grand Duke
1386
–
1392 , , , , , ,
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Unmarried
and childless , , 11 January 1397
Kyiv
Possibly poisoned
by the order of the
Russian Orthodox priests
Aged 43−44 , - , - ! colspan="6" , Astrava Agreement signed in 1392
Following the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392), Lithuanian Civil War, Skirgaila is replaced by Vytautas. The latter and his successors ''de jure'' act as regents of the King of Poland until 1440. , - , Grand Duke
King-elect of Lithuania
Vytautas the Great
4 August 1392
–
27 October 1430
''()'', , , , , ,
Senieji Trakai
Son of Kęstutis
and Birutė , , Anna, Grand Duchess of Lithuania, Anna
1 child
Uliana Olshanska
No children , , 27 October 1430
Trakai
Aged about 80 , - , Grand Duke
October 1430
–
1 August 1432, , , , , , Before 1370
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Anna of Tver
1 child , , 10 February 1452
Lutsk
Aged about 82 , - , Grand Duke
1432
–
1440 , , , , , , 1365
Trakai
Son of Kęstutis
and Birutė, , ''Unknown''
1 child, , 20 March 1440
Trakai
Murdered by supporters
of Švitrigaila
Aged 75 , -
The Union of Krewo, act of personal union with Poland was signed as early as 1385; however, the continuous line of common rulers of the two countries started only with Casimir IV (even then, Polish and Lithuanians twice selected different rulers following the death of an earlier common monarch, but the Lithuanian one always eventually assumed the Polish throne). The monarchs retained separate titles for both parts of the state, and their numbering was kept separate. The Jagiellon dynasty was a direct continuation of the Gediminids.
, King of Poland
and Grand Duke
29 June 1440
–
7 June 1492
''()'', , , , , , 30 November 1427
Kraków
Son of Jogaila Algirdaitis
and Sophia of Halshany , , Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elisabeth of Austria
12 children , , 7 June 1492
Old Grodno Castle
Aged 64 , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , , , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
30 July 1492
–
19 August 1506
''()'', , , , , , 5 August 1461
Kraków
Son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Kazimieras Jogailaitis and
Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elisabeth of Austria , , Helena of Moscow
No children, , 19 August 1506
Vilnius
Aged 45 , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , , , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Sigismund I the Old
8 December 1506
–
1 April 1548
''()'', ,
, , 
, , 1 January 1467
Kozienice
Son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Kazimieras Jogailaitis and
Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elisabeth of Austria , , Barbara Zápolya
2 children
Bona Sforza
6 children, , 1 April 1548
Kraków
Aged 81 , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , , , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
1 April 1548
–
7 July 1572
''()'' , ,
, , , , 1 August 1520
Kraków
Son of Sigismund I the Old, Žygimantas the Old
and Bona Sforza , , Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545), Elisabeth of Austria
No children
Barbara Radziwiłł
No children
Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland, Catherine of Austria
No children, , 7 July 1572
Knyszyn
Aged 51 , - ! colspan="6" , Union of Lublin signed in 1569
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania are united into a single Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Commonwealth. , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , ,
and Grand Duke
Sigismund II Augustus
1 July 1569
7 July 1572
''()'' ,
,
, 1 August 1520
Kraków
Son of Sigismund I the Old, Žygimantas the Old
and Bona Sforza , Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545), Elisabeth of Austria
Barbara Radziwiłł
Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland, Catherine of Austria , 7 July 1572
Knyszyn
Aged 51 , Hereditary
First monarch to
introduce elective
monarchy , House of Jagiellon, Jagiellon , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Henry III of France, Henry
16 May 1573
12 May 1575
''()'' , , , 19 September 1551
Château de Fontainebleau, Fontainebleau
Son of Henry II of France, Henry II and Catherine de' Medici , Louise of Lorraine, no children , 2 August 1589
Château de Saint-Cloud, Saint-Cloud
Aged 37 , Elected
Left Poland in June 1574 to succeed his Charles IX of France, brother in France
Interregnum until 1575 , House of Valois, Valois , - , Queen of Poland
and Grand Duchess
Anna Jagiellon, Anna
15 December 1575
19 August 1587
''(de facto)''
''()''
9 September 1596
''(de jure)''
''()'' ,
,
, 18 October 1523
Kraków
Daughter of Sigismund I the Old, Sigismund I and Bona Sforza , Stephen Báthory, no children , 9 September 1596
Warsaw
Aged 72 , Elected co-monarch with Stephen Báthory
Sole ruler until Báthory's arrival and coronation in May 1576
Ruled after husband's death until her nephew was elected , Jagiellonian Dynasty, Jagiellon , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Stephen Báthory
1 May 1576
12 December 1586
''()'' ,
, 
, 27 September 1533
Șimleu Silvaniei, Szilágysomlyó (Șimleu Silvaniei)
Son of Stephen Báthory of Somlyó and Catherine Telegdi , Anna Jagiellon, no children , 12 December 1586
Grodno
Aged 53 , Elected as co-monarch with Anna Jagiellon
Previously Prince of Transylvania , Báthory family, Báthory , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund III
19 August 1587
30 April 1632
''()'' ,
, 
, 20 June 1566
Gripsholm Castle, Gripsholm
Son of John III of Sweden and Catherine Jagiellon , Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland, Anne of Austria
Constance of Austria , 30 April 1632
Warsaw
Aged 65 , Elected, nephew of Anna Jagiellon
Transferred capital from Kraków to Warsaw
Hereditary King of Sweden until deposition in 1599 , House of Vasa, Vasa , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Władysław IV
also Ladislaus IV
8 November 1632
20 May 1648
''()'' , , , 9 June 1595
Łobzów
Son of Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund III and Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland, Anne of Austria , Cecilia Renata of Austria
Marie Louise Gonzaga , 20 May 1648
Merkinė
Aged 52 , Elective succession
Also titular King of Sweden and elected Tsar of Russia (1610–1613) when the Polish army captured Moscow , House of Vasa, Vasa , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
John II Casimir
20 November 1648
16 September 1668
''()'' ,
,
, 22 March 1609
Kraków
Son of Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund III and Constance of Austria , Marie Louise Gonzaga
Claudine Françoise Mignot (morganatic marriage) , 16 December 1672
Nevers
Aged 63 , Elective succession, succeeded half-brother
Previously a Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal
Disputed with Charles X Gustav between 1655–1657
Titular King of Sweden
Abdication, Abdicated , House of Vasa, Vasa , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, Michael I
19 June 1669
10 November 1673
''()'' ,
, 
, 31 May 1640
Bilyi Kamin, Biały Kamień
Son of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki and Gryzelda Konstancja Wiśniowiecka, Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska , Eleonora Maria of Austria, no children , 10 November 1673
Lwów
Aged 33 , Elected
Born into nobility of mixed heritage, the son of a military commander and governor , Wiśniowiecki , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
John III Sobieski
19 May 1674
17 June 1696
''()'' ,
, 
, 17 August 1629
Olesko Castle, Olesko
Son of Jakub Sobieski and Teofila Zofia Sobieska, Teofila Zofia , Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien, Marie Casimire d'Arquien, 13 children , 17 June 1696
Wilanów Palace, Wilanów
Aged 66 , Elected
Born into nobility
A successful military commander , House of Sobieski, Sobieski , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Augustus the Strong, Augustus II
15 September 1697
1706
''(1st reign, 9 years)'' ,
, 
, 12 May 1670
Dresden
Son of John George III, Elector of Saxony, John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark , Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1 son by wife , 1 February 1733
Warsaw
Aged 62 , Elected
Previously Elector and ruler of Saxony
Dethroned by Stanislaus I in 1706 during the Great Northern War , House of Wettin, Wettin , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Stanislaus I
12 July 1704
8 July 1709
''(1st reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677
Lwów
Son of Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703), Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727), Anna Jabłonowska , Catherine Opalińska, 2 children , 23 February 1766
Lunéville
Aged 88 , Usurped
Nominated as ruler in 1704, crowned in 1705 and deposed predecessor in 1706
Exiled in 1709 , House of Leszczyński, Leszczyński , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Augustus the Strong, Augustus II
8 July 1709
1 February 1733
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 12 May 1670
Dresden
Son of John George III, Elector of Saxony, John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark , Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1 son by wife , 1 February 1733
Warsaw
Aged 62 , Restored , House of Wettin, Wettin , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Stanislaus I
12 September 1733
26 January 1736
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677
Lwów
Son of Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703), Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727), Anna Jabłonowska , Catherine Opalińska, 2 children , 23 February 1766
Lunéville
Aged 88 , Elected
His election sparked the War of the Polish Succession
Deposed by Augustus III of Poland, Augustus III in 1736 , House of Leszczyński, Leszczyński , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Augustus III
5 October 1733
5 October 1763
''(30 years)'' , , , 17 October 1696
Dresden
Son of Augustus II the Strong and Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Christiane Eberhardine , Maria Josepha of Austria, 16 children , 5 October 1763
Dresden
Aged 66 , Usurped
Proclaimed King of Poland in 1733, crowned in 1734
Dethroned elected predecessor in 1736 , House of Wettin, Wettin , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Stanisław II Augustus, Stanislaus II Augustus
7 September 1764
25 November 1795
''()'' ,
, 
, 17 January 1732
Wołczyn
Son of Stanisław Poniatowski (1676–1762), Stanisław Poniatowski and Konstancja Czartoryska (1700–1759), Konstancja Czartoryska , Unmarried , 1 February 1798
Saint Petersburg
Aged 66 , Elected
Born into nobility
Last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his reign ended in the Partitions of Poland , House of Poniatowski, Poniatowski
Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach, Mindaugas II
–
''()'', , , , , , 30 May 1864
Son of Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach and
Princess Florestine of Monaco , , Duchess Amalie in Bavaria
Princess Wiltrud of Bavaria , , 24 March 1928 , -
History
''Office of the President of the Republic of Lithuania''. Retrieved 26 August 2006. * Vytautas Spečiūnas (ed.), Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.) (Rulers of Lithuania (13–18th centuries)), ''Mokslo ir enicklopedijų leidybos institutas'', Vilnius 2004.
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Rulers of Lithuania Heads of state of Lithuania, Lithuania politics-related lists, Rulers Lists of heads of state, Lithuanian People of medieval Lithuania Middle Ages-related lists
Kingdom of Lithuania (1251–1263)
Title: King of Lithuania (). Dates are approximate because of scant written sources.House of Mindaugas (1253–1263)
, King1236
–
1253
''(as Grand Duke)''
1253
–
1263
''(as King)'', , , ,
Son of mythological Ringaudas , , Nomen nescio, NN, sister of Morta
2 children
Morta (queen), Morta
2 children , , 1263
Aglona
Assassinated by Treniota
and Daumantas
Aged about 60 , -
Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1263–1569)
Title: Grand Duke (; ; ). Dates are approximate because of scant written sources.House of Mindaugas (1263–1267)
, Grand Duke1263
–
1264, ,
, , ''Unknown'' Son of Nomen nescio, NN,
Mindaugas' sister
and Vykintas , , ''Unknown''
1 child , , 1264
Murdered by servants
loyal to Mindaugas' son Vaišvilkas , - , Grand Duke
1264
–
1267, ,
, , ''Unknown'' Son of Mindaugas
and Morta (queen), Morta , , Unmarried and
childless, , 1268
Was murdered
by Leo I of Galicia , -
House of Monomakh (1267–1269)
, Grand Duke1267
–
1269, , , ,
Halych
Son of Daniel of Galicia , , Nomen nescio, NN, daughter of Mindaugas
No children , ,
Chełm, Kholm
Aged about 39 , -
House of Mindaugas (1269–1285)
, Grand Duke1270
–
1282, ,
, , 1220 , , Ona of Masovia 1 child, , 1282
Kernavė
Aged 62 , - , Grand Duke
1282
–
1285, , , , ''Unknown'' , , ''Unknown'' , , 3 March 1285
Died in a battle by Tver , -
House of Gediminas (1285–1440)
, Grand Duke1285
–
1291, , , , ''None known'' , , ''Unknown''
Son of
Skalmantas (?) , , ''Unknown'' , , 1291 , - , Grand Duke
1291
–
1295, , , , ''None known'' , , ''Unknown''
Son of
Skalmantas (?) , , ''Unknown'' , , , - , Grand Duke
1295
–
1316, , , , ''None known'' , , 1260
Son of Butvydas , , Vikinda
1 child, , 1316
Aged 56 , - , Grand Duke
1316
–
1341, , , , ''None known'' , ,
Son of Butvydas , , Jaunė
13 children , ,
Raudonė
Aged about 66 , - , Grand Duke
1341
–
1345, , , , ''None known'' , ,
Son of Gediminas
and Jaunė, , ''Unknown''
3 children , ,
Aged 57−60 , - , Grand Duke
''(Diarchy with Kęstutis)''
1345
–
1377 , , , , , ,
Son of Gediminas
and Jaunė, , Maria of Vitebsk
6 children
Uliana of Tver
8 children, ,
Maišiagala
Aged about 81 , - , Grand Duke
''(Diarchy with Kęstutis)''
May 1377
–
August 1381, , , , , ,
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Jadwiga of Poland
No children
Anna of Cilli
1 child
Elizabeth Granowska
No children
Sophia of Halshany
2 children , , 1 June 1434
Horodok, Lviv Oblast, Gródek Jagielloński
Aged 72−82 , - , Grand Duke
1381
–
1382 , ,
, , , , Senieji Trakai
Son of Gediminas
and Jaunė, , Birutė
3 children, , 1382
Kreva
Murdered by the order of
Jogaila while imprisoned
Aged 84–85 , - , Grand Duke
3 August 1382
–
1 June 1434
''()'', , , , , ,
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Jadwiga of Poland
No children
Anna of Cilli
1 child
Elizabeth Granowska
No children
Sophia of Halshany
2 children , , 1 June 1434
Horodok, Lviv Oblast, Gródek Jagielloński
Aged 72−82 , - , - ! colspan="6" , Act of Kreva signed in 1385
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania ''de jure'' are ruled by one monarch but remain to be separate states. , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
3 August 1382
–
1 June 1434
''()'', , , , , ,
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Jadwiga of Poland
No children
Anna of Cilli
1 child
Elizabeth Granowska
No children
Sophia of Halshany
2 children , , 1 June 1434
Horodok, Lviv Oblast, Gródek Jagielloński
Aged 72−82 , - , - , Grand Duke
1386
–
1392 , , , , , ,
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Unmarried
and childless , , 11 January 1397
Kyiv
Possibly poisoned
by the order of the
Russian Orthodox priests
Aged 43−44 , - , - ! colspan="6" , Astrava Agreement signed in 1392
Following the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392), Lithuanian Civil War, Skirgaila is replaced by Vytautas. The latter and his successors ''de jure'' act as regents of the King of Poland until 1440. , - , Grand Duke
King-elect of Lithuania
Vytautas the Great
4 August 1392
–
27 October 1430
''()'', , , , , ,
Senieji Trakai
Son of Kęstutis
and Birutė , , Anna, Grand Duchess of Lithuania, Anna
1 child
Uliana Olshanska
No children , , 27 October 1430
Trakai
Aged about 80 , - , Grand Duke
October 1430
–
1 August 1432, , , , , , Before 1370
Vilnius
Son of Algirdas
and Uliana of Tver , , Anna of Tver
1 child , , 10 February 1452
Lutsk
Aged about 82 , - , Grand Duke
1432
–
1440 , , , , , , 1365
Trakai
Son of Kęstutis
and Birutė, , ''Unknown''
1 child, , 20 March 1440
Trakai
Murdered by supporters
of Švitrigaila
Aged 75 , -
House of Jagiellon (1440–1569)
The Union of Krewo, act of personal union with Poland was signed as early as 1385; however, the continuous line of common rulers of the two countries started only with Casimir IV (even then, Polish and Lithuanians twice selected different rulers following the death of an earlier common monarch, but the Lithuanian one always eventually assumed the Polish throne). The monarchs retained separate titles for both parts of the state, and their numbering was kept separate. The Jagiellon dynasty was a direct continuation of the Gediminids.
, King of Polandand Grand Duke
29 June 1440
–
7 June 1492
''()'', , , , , , 30 November 1427
Kraków
Son of Jogaila Algirdaitis
and Sophia of Halshany , , Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elisabeth of Austria
12 children , , 7 June 1492
Old Grodno Castle
Aged 64 , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , , , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
30 July 1492
–
19 August 1506
''()'', , , , , , 5 August 1461
Kraków
Son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Kazimieras Jogailaitis and
Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elisabeth of Austria , , Helena of Moscow
No children, , 19 August 1506
Vilnius
Aged 45 , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , , , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Sigismund I the Old
8 December 1506
–
1 April 1548
''()'', ,
, , , , 1 January 1467 Kozienice
Son of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Kazimieras Jogailaitis and
Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Elisabeth of Austria , , Barbara Zápolya
2 children
Bona Sforza
6 children, , 1 April 1548
Kraków
Aged 81 , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , , , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
1 April 1548
–
7 July 1572
''()'' , ,
, , , , 1 August 1520 Kraków
Son of Sigismund I the Old, Žygimantas the Old
and Bona Sforza , , Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545), Elisabeth of Austria
No children
Barbara Radziwiłł
No children
Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland, Catherine of Austria
No children, , 7 July 1572
Knyszyn
Aged 51 , - ! colspan="6" , Union of Lublin signed in 1569
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania are united into a single Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Commonwealth. , - 1263 – 1265, , , , , , , ,
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was established by the Union of Lublin in 1569. The elected King of Poland was automatically a Grand Duke of Lithuania (until then the Lithuanian dukedom was hereditary). The first common ruler of both countries was Sigismund II Augustus. During the Deluge (history), Deluge of the Second Northern War, Lithuania signed the Union of Kėdainiai with the Swedish Empire in 1655, thus ''de jure'' ending its union with Poland. However, due to Sweden's losses, the agreement soon fell out of favor and was not properly enforced, leading to the further continuation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Following the partitions in 1772, 1793, and 1795, the commonwealth ceased to exist and Lithuania proper became part of the Russian Empire for 123 years. There are some gaps in the timeline as it took a while to elect a new king. The first Grand Duke elected after the Gediminid line became extinct and after the Valois fled back to France was Stephen Báthory, who had made an effort to be recognized as Grand Duke of Lithuania by establishing Vilnius University. Title: King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania , - , King of Polandand Grand Duke
Sigismund II Augustus
1 July 1569
7 July 1572
''()'' ,
,
, 1 August 1520Kraków
Son of Sigismund I the Old, Žygimantas the Old
and Bona Sforza , Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545), Elisabeth of Austria
Barbara Radziwiłł
Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland, Catherine of Austria , 7 July 1572
Knyszyn
Aged 51 , Hereditary
First monarch to
introduce elective
monarchy , House of Jagiellon, Jagiellon , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Henry III of France, Henry
16 May 1573
12 May 1575
''()'' , , , 19 September 1551
Château de Fontainebleau, Fontainebleau
Son of Henry II of France, Henry II and Catherine de' Medici , Louise of Lorraine, no children , 2 August 1589
Château de Saint-Cloud, Saint-Cloud
Aged 37 , Elected
Left Poland in June 1574 to succeed his Charles IX of France, brother in France
Interregnum until 1575 , House of Valois, Valois , - , Queen of Poland
and Grand Duchess
Anna Jagiellon, Anna
15 December 1575
19 August 1587
''(de facto)''
''()''
9 September 1596
''(de jure)''
''()'' ,
,
, 18 October 1523Kraków
Daughter of Sigismund I the Old, Sigismund I and Bona Sforza , Stephen Báthory, no children , 9 September 1596
Warsaw
Aged 72 , Elected co-monarch with Stephen Báthory
Sole ruler until Báthory's arrival and coronation in May 1576
Ruled after husband's death until her nephew was elected , Jagiellonian Dynasty, Jagiellon , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Stephen Báthory
1 May 1576
12 December 1586
''()'' ,
,
, 27 September 1533Șimleu Silvaniei, Szilágysomlyó (Șimleu Silvaniei)
Son of Stephen Báthory of Somlyó and Catherine Telegdi , Anna Jagiellon, no children , 12 December 1586
Grodno
Aged 53 , Elected as co-monarch with Anna Jagiellon
Previously Prince of Transylvania , Báthory family, Báthory , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund III
19 August 1587
30 April 1632
''()'' ,
,
, 20 June 1566Gripsholm Castle, Gripsholm
Son of John III of Sweden and Catherine Jagiellon , Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland, Anne of Austria
Constance of Austria , 30 April 1632
Warsaw
Aged 65 , Elected, nephew of Anna Jagiellon
Transferred capital from Kraków to Warsaw
Hereditary King of Sweden until deposition in 1599 , House of Vasa, Vasa , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Władysław IV
also Ladislaus IV
8 November 1632
20 May 1648
''()'' , , , 9 June 1595
Łobzów
Son of Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund III and Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland, Anne of Austria , Cecilia Renata of Austria
Marie Louise Gonzaga , 20 May 1648
Merkinė
Aged 52 , Elective succession
Also titular King of Sweden and elected Tsar of Russia (1610–1613) when the Polish army captured Moscow , House of Vasa, Vasa , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
John II Casimir
20 November 1648
16 September 1668
''()'' ,
,
, 22 March 1609Kraków
Son of Sigismund III Vasa, Sigismund III and Constance of Austria , Marie Louise Gonzaga
Claudine Françoise Mignot (morganatic marriage) , 16 December 1672
Nevers
Aged 63 , Elective succession, succeeded half-brother
Previously a Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal
Disputed with Charles X Gustav between 1655–1657
Titular King of Sweden
Abdication, Abdicated , House of Vasa, Vasa , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, Michael I
19 June 1669
10 November 1673
''()'' ,
,
, 31 May 1640Bilyi Kamin, Biały Kamień
Son of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki and Gryzelda Konstancja Wiśniowiecka, Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska , Eleonora Maria of Austria, no children , 10 November 1673
Lwów
Aged 33 , Elected
Born into nobility of mixed heritage, the son of a military commander and governor , Wiśniowiecki , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
John III Sobieski
19 May 1674
17 June 1696
''()'' ,
,
, 17 August 1629Olesko Castle, Olesko
Son of Jakub Sobieski and Teofila Zofia Sobieska, Teofila Zofia , Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien, Marie Casimire d'Arquien, 13 children , 17 June 1696
Wilanów Palace, Wilanów
Aged 66 , Elected
Born into nobility
A successful military commander , House of Sobieski, Sobieski , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Augustus the Strong, Augustus II
15 September 1697
1706
''(1st reign, 9 years)'' ,
,
, 12 May 1670Dresden
Son of John George III, Elector of Saxony, John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark , Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1 son by wife , 1 February 1733
Warsaw
Aged 62 , Elected
Previously Elector and ruler of Saxony
Dethroned by Stanislaus I in 1706 during the Great Northern War , House of Wettin, Wettin , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Stanislaus I
12 July 1704
8 July 1709
''(1st reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677
Lwów
Son of Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703), Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727), Anna Jabłonowska , Catherine Opalińska, 2 children , 23 February 1766
Lunéville
Aged 88 , Usurped
Nominated as ruler in 1704, crowned in 1705 and deposed predecessor in 1706
Exiled in 1709 , House of Leszczyński, Leszczyński , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Augustus the Strong, Augustus II
8 July 1709
1 February 1733
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 12 May 1670
Dresden
Son of John George III, Elector of Saxony, John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark , Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1 son by wife , 1 February 1733
Warsaw
Aged 62 , Restored , House of Wettin, Wettin , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Stanislaus I
12 September 1733
26 January 1736
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677
Lwów
Son of Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703), Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Leszczyńska (1660–1727), Anna Jabłonowska , Catherine Opalińska, 2 children , 23 February 1766
Lunéville
Aged 88 , Elected
His election sparked the War of the Polish Succession
Deposed by Augustus III of Poland, Augustus III in 1736 , House of Leszczyński, Leszczyński , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Augustus III
5 October 1733
5 October 1763
''(30 years)'' , , , 17 October 1696
Dresden
Son of Augustus II the Strong and Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Christiane Eberhardine , Maria Josepha of Austria, 16 children , 5 October 1763
Dresden
Aged 66 , Usurped
Proclaimed King of Poland in 1733, crowned in 1734
Dethroned elected predecessor in 1736 , House of Wettin, Wettin , - , King of Poland
and Grand Duke
Stanisław II Augustus, Stanislaus II Augustus
7 September 1764
25 November 1795
''()'' ,
,
, 17 January 1732Wołczyn
Son of Stanisław Poniatowski (1676–1762), Stanisław Poniatowski and Konstancja Czartoryska (1700–1759), Konstancja Czartoryska , Unmarried , 1 February 1798
Saint Petersburg
Aged 66 , Elected
Born into nobility
Last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his reign ended in the Partitions of Poland , House of Poniatowski, Poniatowski
Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)
The Council of Lithuania declared independence on 16 February 1918 and invited Wilhelm of Urach to become king of Lithuania. The name of the state was the Kingdom of Lithuania. On 9 July 1918, Duke Wilhelm accepted the offer and took the name Mindaugas II. However, on 2 November the council revoked this decision as it was likely Germany would lose the war.House of Urach (1918)
, KingWilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach, Mindaugas II
–
''()'', , , , , , 30 May 1864
Son of Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach and
Princess Florestine of Monaco , , Duchess Amalie in Bavaria
Princess Wiltrud of Bavaria , , 24 March 1928 , -
Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940)
Presidents of the Presidium of the Council of Lithuania
The state of Lithuania was ruled by the Presidium of the State Council of Lithuania, its chairman was de facto Head of State. The institution of President was established on 4 April 1919. Chairman of the Presidium Antanas Smetona was elected as First President of the State of Lithuania by the State Council of Lithuania and was the only one in under whose rule this position has been considered the office of the head of state.President of Lithuania, Presidents of the Republic of Lithuania
The institution of President () was created on 4 April 1919. Antanas Smetona was elected as the first President of Lithuania.Posthumous promotion, Posthumously recognized acting Presidents
Heads of the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service
Following Lithuania's occupation by the Soviet Union on 15 June 1940, in his telegram dated 31 May 1940, the last Foreign Minister Juozas Urbšys provisioned that, in the event of occupation, Stasys Lozoraitis, minister extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Rome, be appointed the head of the Lithuanian diplomatic service. The Lithuanian diplomatic service became a Government in exile that was a critical piece to ensuring the recognition of the continuity of Lithuanian legal statehood until independence after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union.Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941)
The Soviet Union occupied Lithuania and established the Lithuanian SSR in July 1940.First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania
; .Generalbezirk Litauen (1941–1944)
As Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, Lithuania liberated itself with the anti-Soviet June Uprising in Lithuania, June Uprising and re-declared Lithuanian Independence. Lithuania was ruled for some time by the Provisional Government of Lithuania, whose prime minister was Juozas Ambrazevičius. The Provisional Government was formed on 23 June 1941, but was dissolved on 5 August of the same year. Lithuania was occupied by the Germans, who formed ''Generalbezirk Litauen'' on 25 July 1941, which was governed by the administration of general commissioner Adrian von Renteln and was a part of ''Reichskommissariat Ostland''.General Commissioners of Generalbezirk Litauen
; .Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1990)
As Nazi Germany retreated, the Soviet Union reoccupied the country and reestablished the Lithuanian SSR in 1944. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet ''de jure'' acted as a collective head of state from 25 August 1940 to 11 March 1990. However, the Supreme Soviet ''de facto'' was controlled by the Communist Party of Lithuania led by the First Secretary.First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania
Republic of Lithuania (1990–present)
The leader of the Supreme Council was the official head of state from the declaration of independence on 11 March 1990 until the new Constitution came into effect in 1992 establishing the office of President and the institution of Seimas. The state and its leadership were not recognized internationally until September 1991 [NB: Iceland was the first country to recognise the regained independence of Lithuania in February 1991. Title from 1990 to 1992: Chairman of the Supreme Council (Parliament; ). Title from 1992 onwards: President of Lithuania, President ().Timeline
See also
*List of Lithuanian monarchs *List of Lithuanian consorts *List of early Lithuanian dukesReferences
History
''Office of the President of the Republic of Lithuania''. Retrieved 26 August 2006. * Vytautas Spečiūnas (ed.), Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.) (Rulers of Lithuania (13–18th centuries)), ''Mokslo ir enicklopedijų leidybos institutas'', Vilnius 2004.
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Rulers of Lithuania Heads of state of Lithuania, Lithuania politics-related lists, Rulers Lists of heads of state, Lithuanian People of medieval Lithuania Middle Ages-related lists