Several nuclear reactors in Germany and abroad are referred to as Pre-Konvoi. The term means that these units were produced and constructed before the manufacturer, Kraftwerk Union AG (KWU), switched over to a standardized design for this type of

pressurized water reactor A pressurized water reactor (PWR) is a type of light-water nuclear reactor. PWRs constitute the large majority of the world's nuclear power plants (with notable exceptions being the UK, Japan, India and Canada). In a PWR, water is used both as ...

. Pre-Konvoi plants include:

Brokdorf Brokdorf is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is located on the bank of the Elbe river, approx. 20 km east before the river flows into the North Sea. As of December 2019, the total population of B ...

, Grafenrheinfeld,

Grohnde Emmerthal is a municipality in the Hameln-Pyrmont district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Weser, approximatively 6 km south of Hameln. Its seat is in the village Kirchohsen. In 1973, the Emmerthal was formed by mer ...

and

Philippsburg Philippsburg () is a town in the district of Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. History Before 1623, Philippsburg was known as "Udenheim". The city was a possession of the Bishop of Speyer from 1316 to 1803. The town is named after P ...

unit 2. There is also one Pre-Konvoi plant abroad, the

Angra Nuclear Power Plant Angra Nuclear Power Plant is Brazil's only nuclear power plant. It is located at the Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto (CNAAA) on the Itaorna Beach in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. It consists of two pressurized water reactors (PWR), Ang ...

in Brazil. This is also the location of the only Pre-Konvoi reactor being built; Unit 3 at the

has been in various stages in construction since 1984. Most of these large 1300 MW reactors were built between 1982 and 1986 by Kraftwerk Union (KWU). Compared to the previous generation of, the Pre-Konvoi plants have some safety improvements. Since the basic design dates back to the 1970s and basic plant parts cannot be retrofitted (e.g. reinforcement of the wall thickness of the reactor pressure vessel), they do not reach the safety level of the Konvoi plants, which represent a further development of the pre-Konvoi plants.

References

Pressurized water reactors Nuclear power stations in Germany {{nuclear-power-stub