Pratima Devi (painter)
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Pratima Devi (1893–1969) was an Indian Bengali artist, widely known for her artistic abilities. She was the wife of
Rathindranath Tagore Rathindranath Thakur (anglicised as Rathindranath Tagore, 27 November 1888 – 3 June 1961) was an Indian educationist, Agronomy, agronomist, painter, in leathercraft, and a woodworker. He served as the first vice-chancellor of Visva-Bharati Un ...
. The poet took special interest in developing her capabilities.


Parentage

She was the daughter of Seshendra Bhusan Chattopadhyay and Binayani Devi, sister of
Gaganendranath Tagore Gaganendranath Tagore (17 September 1867 – 14 February 1938) was an Indian painter and cartoonist of the Bengal school. Along with his brother Abanindranath Tagore, he was counted as one of the earliest modern artists in India. Life and ca ...
and
Abanindranath Tagore Abanindranath Tagore (Bengali language, Bengali: অবনীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর; 7 August 1871 – 5 December 1951) was an Indian painter who was the principal artist and creator of the Indian Society of Oriental Art in ...
.Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan (Biographical Dictionary), Chief Editor: Subodh Chandra Sengupta, Editor: Anjali Bose, 4th edition 1998, , Vol I, page 185, , Sishu Sahitya Samsad Pvt. Ltd., 32A Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata.


Activities

Pratima studied art under painter
Nandalal Bose Nandalal Bose (3 December 1882 – 16 April 1966) was one of the pioneers of modern Indian art and a key figure of Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism, Contextual Modernism. A pupil of Abanindranath Tagore, Bose was known for his ...
and
Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Thakur (; anglicised as Rabindranath Tagore ; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengalis, Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter of the Bengal Renai ...
. Rabindranath encouraged her to pursue her artistic talents. She exhibited her work at the
Indian Society of Oriental Art The Indian Society of Oriental Art was an art society founded in Calcutta in 1907 by Abanindranath Tagore. It organised art exhibitions, taught students, and published high-quality reproductions and illustrated journals. About the Society Deta ...
, run by the
Tagore family The Tagore family ( ) has been one of the leading families of Kolkata, West Bengal, India, and is regarded as one of the key influencers during the Bengali Renaissance. The family has produced several people who have contributed substantially ...
, from 1915 onwards. She then moved to Paris, where she studied the Italian " wet fresco" method. Immediately after her marriage in 1910, Pratima, accompanied by her husband, had lived for sometime at the family estate at
Shilaidaha Shilaidaha () is a village in Shilaidaha Union, Kumarkhali Upazila of Kushtia District in Bangladesh. The place is famous for Shilaidaha Kuthibari; a country house built by Dwarkanath Tagore. Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore lived a part ...
, now in Bangladesh. Subsequently, Pratima returned to
Santiniketan Shantiniketan (IPA: Help:IPA/Bengali, antiniketɔn is a neighbourhood of Bolpur town in the Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in West Bengal, India, approximately 152 km north of Kolkata. It was established by Maharshi Devendra ...
and followed in the footsteps of her father-in-law and husband and immersed herself in the activities of Visva Bharati. She also accompanied them in their visits to distant places. She was in charge of the dance curriculum at the music and dance school founded by Rabindranath Tagore in Shantiniketan. She is credited as one of the pivotal influences that shaped Tagore's dance-dramas in the early years. She could easily pick up a new craft and adapt it for the Silpa Sadan curriculum.


Early life, marriage and death

Pratima Devi was born in
Calcutta Kolkata, also known as Calcutta (List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern ba ...
(later Kolkata) on 5 November 1893. She was first married as a child bride to Nilanath Mukhopadhyay, son of Nirode Nath Mukhopadhyay, a classmate of Rabindranath, but after two months Nilanath died suddenly by drowning in the Ganges. Rabindranath Tagore arranged the 17 year old Pratima's marriage to his son,
Rathindranath Tagore Rathindranath Thakur (anglicised as Rathindranath Tagore, 27 November 1888 – 3 June 1961) was an Indian educationist, Agronomy, agronomist, painter, in leathercraft, and a woodworker. He served as the first vice-chancellor of Visva-Bharati Un ...
. Rathindranath and Pratima adopted a daughter in 1922 – Nandini, better known by her nickname – Pupee (meaning 'doll' in French). Pratima's marriage with Rathindranath seemed to be a happy one in the earlier years, but it started facing rough weather later in life. A somewhat egoistic Rathindranath, who remained an enigma in the 'glittering array of tremendously talented and creative individuals' of the Tagore family, resigned his position as vice chancellor of Visva Bharati University in 1953 and left Santiniketan forever. Pratima remained back in Santiniketan. However, they were in touch with each other through correspondence till Rathindranath's death in 1961. Pratima died on 9 January 1969.


Family

Nandini Tagore was married in 1940. Rabindranath composed the song ''Sumangali bodhu sanchita rekho prane'', for the occasion of his granddaughter's marriage to Giridhari Lala. They used to stay in ''Chhayanir'' in Ratanpally. Nandini's son, Sunandan Lala, attended Patha Bhavana and then went on to complete PhD in synthetic organic chemistry. As of 2012, they stay in Bangalore.


Books

Pratima wrote several books. ''Nirban'' focussed on the last year of the poet's life. In ''Smritichinha'', she talks of Abanindranath and Rabindranath. ''Nritya'' documents the tradition of dance at Santiniketan. ''Chitralekha'' is a collection of her poems and other writings.


Family tree


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Pratima 1893 births 1969 deaths Bengali Hindus Bengali women artists 20th-century Indian painters Indian female dancers Rabindranath Tagore Painters from West Bengal Dancers from West Bengal 20th-century Indian dancers Women artists from West Bengal People associated with Santiniketan Tagore family 20th-century Indian women painters