Praskovia Naumovna Arian (), née Belenkaia, (; c. 1864 – 28 March 1949) was a Russian writer, translator,

feminist Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideology, ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social gender equality, equality of the sexes. Feminism holds the position that modern soci ...

and educator. She founded the

annual Annual may refer to: *Annual publication, periodical publications appearing regularly once per year **Yearbook **Literary annual *Annual plant *Annual report *Annual giving *Annual, Morocco, a settlement in northeastern Morocco *Annuals (band), a ...

''First Women's Calendar'' (''Pervyi Zhenskii Kalendar'' − ) covering women's issues in Russia and later the First Women’s Technical Institute (''Pervyi Zhenskii Politekhnicheskii Institut'' − ). She wrote articles under the pseudonym "Ar." (). In the 1930s she taught courses for workers at the

Kirov Plant The Kirov Plant, Kirov factory or Leningrad Kirov plant (LKZ) () is a major Russian mechanical engineering and agricultural machinery manufacturing plant in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was established in 1789, then moved to its present site in 1801 ...

in Leningrad.

Life

Arian was born to

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

parents in either 1864 or 1865 in

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

, the capital of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

. While a student in the physics and mathematics section of the St Petersburg Bestuzhev Higher Women’s Courses (''Vysshie Zhenskie (Bestuzhevskie) Kursy''), Arian became radicalized. She completed her coursework, but failed to take her final exams. The date of her marriage to process engineer Miron Isaevich Arian () is unknown.

Work

Arian was a translator and journalist, writing for a variety of publications including ''Stock Market Gazette'' (''Birzhevye Vedomosti'' – ) and Art and Life (''Iskusstvo i Zhizn’''), to name just two. She founded a daycare center for workers in St. Petersburg in 1884 and worked there for the next decade. In 1889, she founded the ''First Women's Calendar'' covering a wide range of issues of interest to women, including coverage of the major feminist organization and their

congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...

es. Published annually until 1915, Arian was the publisher, editor and compiler of the Calendar. The writer

Maxim Gorky Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (; ), was a Russian and Soviet writer and proponent of socialism. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Before his success as an aut ...

, the radical activist

Vera Figner Vera Nikolayevna Figner Filippova (; – 25 June 1942) was a Russian revolutionary and political activist. Born in Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire into a noble family of Germans, German and Russians, Russian descent, Figner was a leader ...

, the artist Ilia Repin and the psychologist

Vladimir Bekhterev Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev ( rus, Влади́мир Миха́йлович Бе́хтерев, p=ˈbʲextʲɪrʲɪf; 20 January 1857 – 24 December 1927) was a Russian neurologist and the father of objective psychology. He is best known fo ...

all contributed to the Calendar.Ruthchild, pp. 30–31

First Women's Calendar

899 __NOTOC__ Year 899 ( DCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – Arnulf of Carinthia, the King of East Francia, enlists the support of the Magyars, to raid northern Ita ...

915 Year 915 ( CMXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – Battle of Garigliano: The Christian League, personally led by Pope John X, lays siege to Garigliano (a fortified Ar ...

- 20. ... на 1911 год : XIII год / При участии акад. В.М. Бехтерева, М. Горького, А.Я. Ефименко � др. - Санкт-Петербург : тип. "Север",

911 911, 9/11 or Nine Eleven may refer to: Dates * AD 911 * 911 BC * September 11 ** The 2001 September 11 attacks on the United States by al-Qaeda, commonly referred to as 9/11 ** 11 de Septiembre, Chilean coup d'état in 1973 that ousted the ...

- VIII, 7-146, 291 с., 2 л. ил. * 1912 year / Первый женский календарь / �ост.П.Н. Ариян... - Санкт-Петербург : паровая скоропеч. "Труд",

- 20. ... на 1912 год : XIV г. : Со статьями женщ.-врачей М.М. Волковой и С.С. Вольтке, проф. Дегена � др. - �анкт-Петербург : 1-я женск. тип. т-ва "Печатного станка", [1912 - 418 с. разд. паг., 5 л. портр. * 1913 year
Первый женский календарь / Сост. П.Н. Ариян... - Санкт-Петербург : паровая скоропеч. "Труд", - 20. ... на 1913 год : XV г. - Санкт-Петербург : тип. "Бережливость", 1913. - 442 с. разд. паг., 8 л. портр.
* 1914 year / Первый женский календарь / �ост.П.Н. Ариян... - Санкт-Петербург : паровая скоропеч. "Труд", 1899-1915. - 20. ... на 1914 год : XVI г. - Санкт-Петербург : тип. "Бережливость",

914 __NOTOC__ Year 914 ( CMXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Empress Zoe Karbonopsina leads a palace coup at Constantinople and, with the support of the '' ma ...

- XXXVIII, 380 с., 6 л. портр. * 1915 year / Первый женский календарь / �ост.П.Н. Ариян... - Санкт-Петербург : паровая скоропеч. "Труд",

- 20. ... на 1915 год : XVII г. Петроград : тип. "Я. Трей",

- 168 с. : ил.

Translations

* Вотель, Клеман. «Я - заядлый буржуй» (): Роман / Клеман Вотель ; Пер. с франц. П. Н. Ариян. - Ленинград : Книжные новинки,

926 Year 926 ( CMXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – The Italian nobles turn against King Rudolph II of Burgundy and request that Hugh of Provence, the effective rul ...

- 218, с.; * Маргерит, Виктор. «Молодые девушки» (): Роман / Виктор Маргерит ; Пер. с франц. П. Н. Ариян. - Ленинград ; Москва : Петроград,

927 Year 927 ( CMXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * May 27 – Simeon I, emperor (''tsar'') of the Bulgarian Empire, dies of heart failure in his palace at Preslav after a 34- ...

- 173 с.; * Шеро, Гастон. «Капризы судьбы» = «Le Vent du destin» : �ассказы/ Гастон Шеро ; Пер. с франц. П. Ариян, В. Нибиэри. - Ленинград ; Москва : Книга,

(М. : тип. М.К.Х. им. Ф. Я. Лаврова). - 111 с.;

Notes

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Arian, Praskovia 1864 births 1949 deaths Feminists from the Russian Empire Women writers from the Russian Empire 19th-century non-fiction writers from the Russian Empire Women's rights activists from the Russian Empire Women non-fiction writers Soviet women writers Soviet non-fiction writers Writers from Saint Petersburg