Prague German
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Prague German (German: ,
Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus *Czech (surnam ...
: ''Pražská němčina'') was the
dialect A dialect is a Variety (linguistics), variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standard language, standardized varieties as well as Vernacular language, vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardize ...
of German spoken in
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
in what is now the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
. The written form of this dialect from the Luxembourg rule played an important role in the history of the German language for its balancing function between the written upper Austrian and southern German dialects and eastern Central dialects of central Germany, which later developed the spelling of Modern German writing (
Standard German Standard High German (SHG), less precisely Standard German or High German (, , or, in Switzerland, ), is the umbrella term for the standard language, standardized varieties of the German language, which are used in formal contexts and for commun ...
).


History

In the historical development of Prague, there were four periods, which were culturally and linguistically autonomous.


List of periods

* First period (1310–1415), the period of the
Luxembourg Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France on the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembour ...
rule. During this time, linguistic phenomena approaching
Middle High German Middle High German (MHG; or ; , shortened as ''Mhdt.'' or ''Mhd.'') is the term for the form of High German, High German language, German spoken in the High Middle Ages. It is conventionally dated between 1050 and 1350, developing from Old High ...
spelling can be observed. * Second period (1544–1620), after the Hussite period. At this time, Prague German was greatly influenced by
Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus *Czech (surnam ...
and lesser by Upper German. * Third period (1620–1860), after 1627, the Prague German language evolved in its written form towards the Austrian variant of German. Spelling had not been normative yet, so there were fluctuations in voice and vocal quality. * Fourth period (1861–1945), at the end of the 19th century, the Prague dialect of German was considered the finest German of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. This language was mainly used by educated lawyers. In 1910 German speakers comprised just 4.5% of the population in Prague, yet they produced world-famous literature. Writers such as
Rainer Maria Rilke René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926), known as Rainer Maria Rilke, was an Austrian poet and novelist. Acclaimed as an Idiosyncrasy, idiosyncratic and expressive poet, he is widely recognized as ...
,
Franz Kafka Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a novelist and writer from Prague who was Jewish, Austrian, and Czech and wrote in German. He is widely regarded as a major figure of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of Litera ...
,
Max Brod Max Brod (; 27 May 1884 – 20 December 1968) was a Bohemian-born Israeli author, composer, and journalist. He is notable for promoting the work of writer Franz Kafka and composer Leoš Janáček. Although he was a prolific writer in his ow ...
,
Franz Werfel Franz Viktor Werfel (; 10 September 1890 – 26 August 1945) was an Austrian-Bohemian novelist, playwright, and poet whose career spanned World War I, the Interwar period, and World War II. He is primarily known as the author of '' The Forty ...
, Egon Erwin Kisch, Friedrich Torberg, Oskar Baum, Johannes Urzidil, Felix Weltsch and Paul Leppin by some Germanists using a specific style, rather than to the Prague German refers to the literary patterns.


A sample of the text in Prague German from the fourth period

* ''"Wissen Sie schon, Frau Krause, daß meine Tontscha sich mit dem jungen Janda verlobt hat?"'' * ''"Der, was Beamter bei der Unionbank ist? Da gratulier ich aber! Wissen Sie, geahnt habe ich es schon längst; denn man hat ihn nie ohne ihr gesehen und sie hat keinen Schritt ohne ihm gemacht."'' * ''"Ja, die beiden haben sich furchtbar gern. ''"''Frau Rößler''"'', hat er zu mir gesagt, ''"''glauben Sie ja nicht, daß ich Ihre Tochter nur wegen dem Gelde heirate, das sie mitbekomt''"'', hat er gesagt."'' * ''"Das ist ein schöner Zug von ihm! Und nur was wahr is': ein fescher Mann is' er!"'' * ''"Gewiß. Aber warum, meine Tonscha ist kein hübsches Mädel? Wissen Sie, gestern, da hat sie sich den neuen Hut angezogen, ich sag' Ihnen: eine Puppe! Und gescheit is' sie! Und gebildet! Und häuslich erzogen! Alles habe ich ihr gelernt: kochen, nähen, bügeln alles! Sogar Klavier spielen kann sie.“''


Prague German newspapers

* ''Prager Oberpostamts-Zeitung'', later ''Prager Zeitung'' * '' Libussa'' (1802–1804), eine vaterländische Vierteljahrschrift * ''
Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
'' (1828–1938) * '' Libussa'' (1851–1860), Jahrbuch für ... * '' Lotos'' (1851–1942), Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift * '' Ärztliches Correspondenzblatt für Böhmen'', Organ des Vereines Deutscher Ärzte in Prag (1864–1865, 1873–1875), later '' Prager medizinische Wochenschrift'' (1876–1915) * '' Prager Tagblatt'' (1876–1939) * '' Prager Abendblatt'' (1867–1918) * ''
Prager Presse The ''Prager Presse'' (Prague press) was a German newspaper published in the First Czechoslovak Republic, Czechoslovak Republic from March 1921 to 1939. History The newspaper Prager Presse was founded by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk with the aim of ...
'' (1921–1939) * ''Sozialdemokrat'' (1925–1938), Zentralorgan der DSAP * ''Beilage zu Rudý prapor (Rote Fahne)'' (1927–1928) * ''Prager Rundschau'' (1931–1939) * ''Deutsche Volks-Zeitung'', Prag, Sprachrohr der deutschsprachigen Kommunisten in der Tschechoslowakei * '' Die Weltbühne'', (1934–1938 in Prague exile) * ''Rote Fahne'' (1934–1938), kommunistisches Tagblatt * '' Der Neue Tag'' (1939–1945), Tageszeitung für Böhmen und Mähren: amtliches Veröffentlichungsorgan des Reichsprotektors für Böhmen und Mähren und der nachgeordneten deutschen Dienststellen * ''Prager Abend'' (1939–1944) * ''Böhmen und Mähren'' (1940–1945), Blatt des Reichsprotektors * ''Welt Studenten Nachrichten'' (1947–1990), Zeitschrift des Internationalen Studentenbundes * ''Aufbau und Frieden'' (1951–1965), Wochenblatt der deutschen Werktätigen in der Tschechoslowakei, later ''Volkszeitung'' (1966–1968), later ''Prager Volkszeitung'' (1969–2005), Das Wochenblatt der Deutschen in der ČSSR / Wochenblatt der deutschen Bürger in der Tschechischen Republik * ''Tschechoslowakei'' (1953–1960), Organ des Ministeriums für Information und Aufklärung, later ''Sozialistische Tschechoslowakei'' (1961–1990) * ''Im Herzen Europas'' (1958–1971), ''Tschechoslowakische Monatsschrift'', later ''Tschechoslowakisches Leben'' (1972–1992), later ''Tschechisches Leben heute'' (1993–1993) * ''Informationsbulletin des Zentralkomitees der Kommunistischen Partei der Tschechoslowakei'' (1978–1989) * ''Neue Prager Presse'' (1981–1990), Nachrichten aus Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Kultur, Sport * ''IOJ Nachrichten'' (1985–1991), Zeitung der Internationale Journalistenorganisation * '' Prager Zeitung'' (1991–) * ''Deutsches Blatt'', Beilage der Zeitung „
Lidové noviny ''Lidové noviny'' (''People's News'', or ''The People's Newspaper'', ) is a daily newspaper published in Prague, the Czech Republic. It is the oldest Czech daily still in print, and a newspaper of record. It is a national news daily covering po ...
“ * ''Aussenhandel der Tschechischen Republik'' (1993), later ''Wirtschaft und Handel in der Tschechischen Republik'' (1994–2009) * ''Die Länder der böhmischen Krone'' (1994–1997), Revue für Gesellschaft und Kultur * ''Plus'' (1994–), Magazin der Deutsch-Tschechischen Industrie- und Handelskammer * ''Landes-Anzeiger'' (1995–1998), Informationsblatt der Landesversammlung der Deutschen in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien, later ''Landes-Zeitung'' (''Landeszeitung'') (1999–2014), Zeitung der Deutschen in der Tschechischen Republik, later '' LandesECHO'' (2014–),LandesECHO
/ref> Zeitschrift der Deutschen in der Tschechischen Republik


References

{{Germanic languages German language Languages of the Czech Republic History of Prague Culture in Prague