Practical Pig

''Three Little Pigs'' is a 1933 American animated short film released by United Artists, produced by Walt Disney and directed by Burt Gillett. Based on the fable of the same name, the '' Silly Symphony'' won the 1934 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. The short cost $22,000 and grossed $250,000.

In 1994, it was voted #11 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field. In 2007, ''Three Little Pigs'' was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

''Three Little Pigs'' premiered at the Radio City Music Hall as a short subject to Radio City's release of the First National Pictures film '' Elmer, the Great'' on May 25, 1933, in New York City.

Plot

Fifer Pig, Fiddler Pig and Practical Pig are three brothers who build their own houses. All three of them play a different kind of musical instrument – Fifer the flute, Fiddler the violin and Practical is initially seen as working without rest. Fifer and Fiddler build their straw and stick houses with much ease and have fun all day. Practical, on the other hand, "has no chance to sing and dance 'cause work and play don't mix", focusing on building his strong brick house. Fifer and Fiddler poke fun at him, but Practical warns them when the Wolf comes, they won't be able to escape. Fifer and Fiddler ignore him and continue to play, singing the now famous song " Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?"

As they are singing, the Big Bad Wolf really comes by, at which point Fifer and Fiddler reveal that they are in fact very afraid of the wolf, so the two pigs each retreat to their respective houses. The Wolf first blows Fifer's house down (except for the roof) with little resistance and Fifer manages to escape and hides at Fiddler's house. The wolf pretends to give up and go home, but returns disguised as an innocent sheep. The pigs see through the disguise, whereupon the Wolf blows Fiddler's house down (except for the door). The two pigs manage to escape and hide at Practical's house, who willingly gives his brothers refuge; in Practical's house, it is revealed that his musical instrument is the piano. The Wolf arrives disguised as a door-to-door Fuller Brush salesman to trick the pigs into letting him in, but fails. The Wolf then tries to blow down the strong brick house (losing his clothing in the process), but is unable, all while a confident Practical plays melodramatic piano music. Finally, he attempts to enter the house through the chimney, but smart Practical Pig takes off the lid of a boiling pot filled with water (to which he adds turpentine) under the chimney, and the Wolf falls right into it. Shrieking in pain, the Wolf runs away frantically, while the pigs sing "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" again. Practical then plays a trick by knocking on his piano, causing his brothers to think the Wolf has returned and hide under Practical's bed.

Voice cast

* Billy Bletcher as the Big Bad Wolf
* Pinto Colvig as Practical Pig and the Big Bad Wolf's Jewish peddler impression (the latter was removed in later re-releases)
* Dorothy Compton as Fifer Pig
* Mary Moder as Fiddler Pig

Reaction and legacy

The cartoon premiered on May 25, 1933 at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.

The cartoon was phenomenally successful with audiences of the day, so much that theaters ran the cartoon for months after its debut, to great financial response. The cartoon is still considered to be the most successful animated short ever made, and remained on top of animation until Walt Disney was able to boost Mickey's popularity further by making him a top merchandise icon by the end of 1934.

Animator Chuck Jones observed: "That was the first time that anybody ever brought characters to life n an animated cartoon They were three characters who ''looked'' alike and ''acted'' differently." Other animation historians, particularly admirers of Winsor McCay, would dispute the word "first", but Jones was not referring to personality as such but to characterization through posture and movement. Fifer and Fiddler Pig are frivolous and care-free; Practical Pig is cautious and earnest. The reason for why the film's story and characters were so well developed was that Disney had already realized the success of animated films depended upon telling emotionally gripping stories that would grab the audience and not let go. This realization led to an important innovation around the time ''Pigs'' was in development: a "story department", separate from the animators, with storyboard artists who would be dedicated to working on a "story development" phase of the production pipeline. Reputedly, Walt Disney is said to have used Broadway producer Jed Harris as his basis for the Big Bad Wolf characterization.

The moderate (but not blockbuster) success of the further "Three Pigs" cartoons was seen as a factor in Walt Disney's decision not to rest on his laurels, but instead to continue to move forward with risk-taking projects, such as the multiplane camera and the first feature-length animated film. Disney's slogan, often repeated over the years, was "You can't top pigs with pigs."

Controversy and censorship

The cartoon features a scene in which the Big Bad Wolf disguises himself as a peddler for Fuller brushes in an attempt to trick Practical Pig into allowing him to enter his brick house. In the original 1933 release, the peddler disguise is that of a stereotypical Jewish man, complete with a hat, a coat, a fake Jewish nose, glasses, and a fake beard; also, Yiddish music plays as the wolf disguises his voice with a strong Yiddish accent while saying "I'm the Fuller Brush man. I'm giving a free sample."

Shortly after the film's release, Rabbi J.X. Cohen (the director of the American Jewish Congress) wrote angrily to Walt Disney, calling the scene "vile, revolting and unnecessary as to constitute as direct affront on Jews" and demanded the scene to be removed. Roy O. Disney, speaking on Walt's behalf, responded to Cohen by saying: "We have a great many Jewish business associates and friends, and certainly would avoid purposely demeaning the Jews or any other race or nationality. … It seems to us that this character is no more ffensivethan owmany well-known Jewish comedians portray themselves in vaudeville, stage, and screen characterizations."

When the short was reissued in September 1948, the scene was re-animated with the Wolf's disguise now only including a different pair of glasses, along with the same aforementioned hat and coat. His disguised voice no longer has a thick Yiddish accent and the line is changed to "I'm the Fuller Brush man. I'm working my way through college." Jack Hannah and his unit handled these changes; he told historian Jim Korkis that Walt Disney requested him to make these changes (despite there being no outside pressure for him to do so) simply because he felt the scene was not funny anymore and potentially hurtful after World War II.

Song

The original song composed by Frank Churchill for the cartoon, " Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?", was a best-selling single, mirroring the people's resolve against the "big bad wolf" of The Great Depression; the song actually became something of an anthem of the Great Depression. When the Nazis began expanding the boundaries of Germany in the years preceding World War II, the song was used to represent the complacency of the Western world in allowing Führer Adolf Hitler to make considerable acquisitions of territory without going to war; it was also notably used in Disney animations for the Canadian war effort.

The song was further used as the inspiration for the title of the 1963 play '' Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'' and its 1966 film adaptation, though neither the play nor the film have any further relation to the song or the cartoon.

Home media

In the United States, the short was first released on VHS, Betamax, and Laserdisc in 1984 as part of its Cartoon Classics home video series. It came out on VHS again in the US as part of the Favorite Stories collection in 1995 and in the UK in the spring of 1996 as part of the Disney Storybook Favourites series, the latter with (possibly in error) the Jewish peddler animation restored, albeit with the reworked dialogue. It was released on December 4, 2001 (along with its sequels) as part of the '' Walt Disney Treasures: Silly Symphonies'' DVD, with the PAL release again retaining the Jewish peddler animation along with the reworked dialogue. The Disney+ release of the short, however, uses the altered animation in all regions.

It was later included in ''Walt Disney's Timeless Tales, Vol. 1'', released on August 16, 2005 (featuring the edited version in the US '' Silly Symphonies'' set), which also featured '' The Pied Piper'' (1933), '' The Grasshopper and the Ants'' (1934), '' The Tortoise and the Hare'' (1935) and '' The Prince and the Pauper'' (1990).

Sequels and later appearances

* Disney produced several sequels to ''Three Little Pigs'', though none were nearly as successful as the original:
** The first of them was '' The Big Bad Wolf'', also directed by Burt Gillett and first released on April 14, 1934.
** In 1936, a second cartoon starring the Three Little Pigs and the Big Bad Wolf followed, with a story based on '' The Boy Who Cried Wolf''. This short was entitled '' Three Little Wolves'' and introduced the Big Bad Wolf's three pup sons, all of whom just as eager for a taste of the pigs as their father.
** A third cartoon, '' The Practical Pig'', was released in 1939 as the second-to-last ''Silly Symphony'' cartoon (two months before the final short in the series, '' The Ugly Duckling''). In this short, Fifer and Piper (again despite Practical's warning), go swimming but are captured by the Big Bad Wolf, who then goes after Practical only to be caught in Practical's newly built Lie Detector machine.
** In 1941, a fourth cartoon, '' The Thrifty Pig'', was distributed by the National Film Board of Canada. In this cartoon, which consists largely of reused footage from the original cartoon, Practical Pig builds his house out of Canadian war bonds, and the Big Bad Wolf representing Nazi Germany is unable to blow his house down.
* Fiddler Pig, Fifer Pig and the Big Bad Wolf make cameo appearances in the 1988 film ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit''.
* Characters from the short also appeared in the television series '' House of Mouse'' and its direct-to-video films '' Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse'' (2001) and '' Mickey's House of Villains'' (2002). In the second episode of the series ("Big Bad Wolf Daddy"), the Wolf is portrayed as a popular jazz trumpeter with the stage name "Big Bad Wolf Daddy" and the pigs play as his backup band. This possibly may have been an attempt to parody the Warner Bros. cartoon '' Three Little Bops''. The episode "Pete's House of Villains" also includes a short starring the Big Bad Wolf teaching his son how to hunt the pigs.
* The four characters of the short appear along with other Walt Disney Animation Studios characters in the short film '' Once Upon a Studio''.
* The pigs and the Big Bad Wolf appear as playable characters in the video game ''Disney Magic Kingdoms'', as well as an attraction based on the pigs' houses.

Comic adaptations

The '' Silly Symphony'' Sunday comic strip ran a seven-month-long continuation of ''Three Little Pigs'' called "The Further Adventures of the Three Little Pigs" from January 18 to August 23, 1936. This was followed by another storyline called "The Practical Pig" from May 1 to August 7, 1938.

The anthology comic book ''Walt Disney's Comics and Stories'' introduced a new character, Lil Bad Wolf (the son of the Big Bad Wolf), in issue #52 (January 1945). He was a constant vexation to his father (the Big Bad Wolf) because the little son was not actually bad. His favorite playmates, in fact, were the Three Pigs. New stories about Lil Bad Wolf appeared regularly in ''WDC&S'' for seven years, with the last one appearing in issue #259 (April 1962).

See also

* List of Disney animated films based on fairy tales
* '' Blitz Wolf''
* '' The Windblown Hare''

References

External links

*
*
Three Little Pigs
' at the TCM Movie Database
*
*
Three Little Pigs
' in the Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts

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1930s English-language films
1930s color films
1933 musical comedy films
American animated musical films
1930s Disney animated short films
Best Animated Short Academy Award winners
Animated films based on fairy tales
Films about music and musicians
Animated films about pigs
Animated films about wolves
Silly Symphonies
United States National Film Registry films
1933 American animated short films
Films directed by Burt Gillett
Films produced by Walt Disney
Films based on The Three Little Pigs
Films scored by Frank Churchill
Disney controversies
Ethnic humour
Censored films
American comedy short films
American musical comedy films
Stereotypes of Jewish people
Race-related controversies in animation
Antisemitism in the United States
Disney animated films based on fairy tales
English-language comedy short films
English-language musical comedy films
American musical short films
Films adapted into comics
Disney comics titles
Comics about anthropomorphic pigs
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