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Post-Internet is a 21st-century
art movement An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific art philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time, (usually a few months, years or decades) or, at least, with the heyday of the movement defined ...
involving works that are derived from the Internet or its effects on aesthetics, culture and society.


Definition

Post-Internet is a loosely-defined term that was coined by artist/curator Marisa Olson in an attempt to describe her practice. It emerged from mid-2000s discussions about
Internet art upright=1.3, "Simple Net Art Diagram", a 1997 work by Michael Sarff and Tim Whidden Internet art (also known as net art or web art) is a form of new media art distributed via the Internet. This form of art circumvents the traditional dominance o ...
by Gene McHugh (author of a blog titled "Post-Internet"), and Artie Vierkant (artist, and creator of ''Image Object'' sculpture series). The movement itself grew out of Internet Art (or Net Art). According to the UCCA Center for Contemporary Art in
Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...
, rather than referring "to a time “after” the
internet The Internet (or internet) is the Global network, global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a internetworking, network of networks ...
", the term refers to "an internet state of mind". Eva Folks of AQNB wrote that it "references one so deeply embedded in and propelled by the internet that the notion of a world or culture without or outside it becomes increasingly unimaginable, impossible." The term is controversial and the subject of much criticism in the art community. '' Art in America''s Brian Droitcour in 2014 opined that the term fails to describe the form of the works, instead "alluding only to a hazy contemporary condition and the idea of art being made in the context of digital technology." According to a 2015 article in ''
The New Yorker ''The New Yorker'' is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. It was founded on February 21, 1925, by Harold Ross and his wife Jane Grant, a reporter for ''The New York T ...
'', the term describes "the practices of artists
hose A hose is a flexible hollow tube or pipe designed to carry fluids from one location to another, often from a faucet or hydrant. Early hoses were made of leather, although modern hoses are typically made of rubber, canvas, and helically wound w ...
artworks move fluidly between spaces, appearing sometimes on a screen, other times in a gallery." ''Fast Company''s Carey Dunne summarizes they are "artists who are inspired by the visual cacophony of the web" and notes that "mediums from
Second Life ''Second Life'' is a multiplayer virtual world that allows people to create an Avatar (computing), avatar for themselves and then interact with other users and user-created content within a multi-user online environment. Developed for person ...
portraits to digital paintings on silk to 3-D-printed sculpture" are used. There is theoretical overlap with writer and artist James Bridle's term
New Aesthetic The New Aesthetic is a term coined by James Bridle used to refer to the increasing appearance of digital technology and the Internet in the physical world, and the blending of virtual and physical. The phenomenon has been around for a long time, b ...
. Ian Wallace of '' Artspace'' writes that "the influential blog The New Aesthetic, run since May 2011 by Bridle, is a pioneering institution in the post-Internet movement" and concludes that "much of the energy around the New Aesthetic seems, now, to have filtered over into the "post-Internet" conversation." Post-Internet art is also discussed by Katja Novitskova as being a part of 'New Materialism'. Wallace considers the Post-Internet term to stand for "a
new aesthetic The New Aesthetic is a term coined by James Bridle used to refer to the increasing appearance of digital technology and the Internet in the physical world, and the blending of virtual and physical. The phenomenon has been around for a long time, b ...
era," moving "beyond making work dependent on the novelty of the Web to using its tools to tackle other subjects". He notes that the post-Internet generation "frequently uses digital strategies to create objects that exist in the real world." Or as Louis Doulas writes in ''Within Post-Internet, Part One'' (2011): "There is a difference then, in an art that chooses to exist outside of a browser window and an art that chooses to stay within it."


Influence

The movement spearheaded
microgenre microgenre is a specialized or niche genre. The term has been used since at least the 1970s to describe highly specific subgenres of music, literature, film, and art. In music, examples include the myriad sub-subgenres of heavy metal and electro ...
s and
subculture A subculture is a group of people within a culture, cultural society that differentiates itself from the values of the conservative, standard or dominant culture to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures ...
s such as
seapunk Seapunk is a subculture that originated on Tumblr in 2011. It is associated with an aquatic-themed style of fashion, 3D net art, iconography, and allusions to popular culture of the 1990s. The advent of seapunk also spawned its own electronic ...
and
vaporwave Vaporwave is a microgenre of electronic music, a visual art style, and an Internet meme that emerged in the early 2010s and became well-known in 2015. It is defined partly by its slowed-down, chopped and screwed samples of smooth jazz, 1970 ...
. In the early 2010s, "post-Internet" was popularly associated with the musician
Grimes Claire Elise Boucher (; born March 17, 1988), known professionally as Grimes, is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Her lyrics often touch on science fiction and feminist themes. The visuals in her videos are elabora ...
. Grimes used the term to describe her work at a time when post-Internet concepts were not typically discussed in mainstream music arenas. Amarco referred to
Yung Lean Jonatan Aron Leandoer Håstad (born 18 July 1996), known professionally as Yung Lean, is a Swedish rapper. Widely cited as one of the most influential figures in the early cloud rap era, Yung Lean rose to prominence in 2013 with his song " Gins ...
as "by and large a product of the internet and a leading example of a generation of youths who garner fame through social media."


Exhibitions

There have been a number of significant group art shows explicitly exploring Post-Internet themes. There was a 2014 exhibition called ''Art Post-Internet'' at Beijing's Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, which ''
ARTnews ''ARTnews'' is an American art magazine, based in New York City. It covers visual arts from ancient to contemporary times. It is the oldest and most widely distributed art magazine in the world. ''ARTnews'' has a readership of 180,000 in 124 co ...
'' named one of the "most art exhibitions of the 2010s" which "set out to encapsulate the budding movement."
MoMA The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...
curated ''Ocean of Images'' in 2015, a show "probing the effects of an image-based post-Internet reality." The 2016 9th
Berlin Biennale The Berlin Biennale (full name: Berlin Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst, Berlin Biennale for Contemporary Art) is a contemporary art exhibition, which has been held at various locations in Berlin, Germany, every two to three years since 1998. ...
, titled ''The Present in Drag'', curated by the art collective
DIS Dis, DIS or variants may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Dis (album), ''Dis'' (album), by Jan Garbarek, 1976 * ''Dís'', a soundtrack album by Jóhann Jóhannsson, 2004 * "Dis", a song by The Gazette from the 2003 album ''Hankou Seimeib ...
, is described as a Post-Internet exhibition. Other examples include: * ''Raster Raster'', Aran Cravey Gallery, Los Angeles, 2014 *''2015 Triennial: Surround Audience'' at
New Museum The New Museum of Contemporary Art is a museum at 235 Bowery, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded in 1977 by Marcia Tucker. History The museum originally opened in a space in the Graduate Center of the then-nam ...
, New York, 2015 * ''Zero Zero'', Annka Kulty Gallery, London, 2016


Notable artists

* Stepan Ryabchenko. In his artwork, the artist creates his own digital universe with its heroes and mythology. * AIDS-3D (Daniel Keller and Nik Kosmas) *
Cory Arcangel Cory Arcangel (born May 25, 1978) is an American post-conceptual artist who makes work in many different media, including drawing, music, video, performance art, and video game modifications, for which he is best known. Arcangel often uses th ...
* Kai (Kari) Altmann * Petra Cortright, whose work includes YouTube video work and digital paintings. She was included in "Raster Raster" and the 9th Berlin Biennale *
DIS Dis, DIS or variants may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Dis (album), ''Dis'' (album), by Jan Garbarek, 1976 * ''Dís'', a soundtrack album by Jóhann Jóhannsson, 2004 * "Dis", a song by The Gazette from the 2003 album ''Hankou Seimeib ...
* Aleksandra Domanović * Parker Ito * Rachel de Joode * Oliver Laric *
Kalup Linzy Kalup Linzy (born July 23, 1977) is an American video and performance artist who currently lives and works in Tulsa, OK. His performances are characterized by their low-tech quality, themes of community, socializing, family, the church, sexualit ...
* Jonathan Monaghan * Katja Novitskova whose work focuses on issues of technology, evolutionary processes, digital imagery and corporate aesthetics and was included in the 9th Berlin Biennale * Seth Price * Jon Rafman, whose work was included in the 9th Berlin Biennale * Ryder Ripps *Bunny Rogers * Timur Si-Qin * * Molly Soda, who co-curated and included her own work in "Zero Zero" *
Hito Steyerl Hito Steyerl (born 1 January 1966) is a German filmmaker, moving image visual artist, artist, writer, and innovator of the essay documentary.Ryan Trecartin and Lizzie Fitch, whose work was included in the 9th Berlin Biennale and who co-curated the
New Museum The New Museum of Contemporary Art is a museum at 235 Bowery, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded in 1977 by Marcia Tucker. History The museum originally opened in a space in the Graduate Center of the then-nam ...
's 2015 triennial Surround Audience * Brad Troemel, Joshua Citarella, and Molly Soda * Amalia Ulman, whose work was included in the 9th Berlin Biennale * Andrew Norman Wilson


Gallery

File:Rihanna-Berlin-Biennale.jpg, Sculpture of
Rihanna Robyn Rihanna Fenty ( ; born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, businesswoman, and actress. One of the List of music artists by net worth, wealthiest musicians in the world, List of awards and nominations received by Rihanna, her vario ...
as an Acéfalo in the 9th Berlin Biennale by Juan Sebastián Peláez File:Anna Uddenberg.jpg, Anna Uddenberg at the 9th Berlin Biennale, 2016. File:GCC (art collective).jpg, GCC collective at the 9th Berlin Biennale, 2016. File:Artie Vierkant.jpg, Part of Artie Vierkant's ''Image Objects'' series. File:Fair Trade. Frieze Projects 2012.jpg, Photo by
DIS Dis, DIS or variants may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Dis (album), ''Dis'' (album), by Jan Garbarek, 1976 * ''Dís'', a soundtrack album by Jóhann Jóhannsson, 2004 * "Dis", a song by The Gazette from the 2003 album ''Hankou Seimeib ...
. ''Fair Trade'', Frieze Projects 2012 File:Katja Novitskova.jpg, Spirit, Curiosity and Opportunity, Katja Novitskova, Kraupa-Tuskany Zeidler, Berlin, 2014.


See also


References


Further reading

* Novitskova, Katja. ''Post internet survival guide 2010''. Berlin: Revolver Publishing, 2011. *McHugh, Gene. ''Post Internet. Notes on the Internet and Art 12.29.09 > 09.05.10'', Brescia: Link Editions, 2011.


External links

* An interview with Martijn Hendriks & Katja Novitskova
"The New Aesthetic and its Politics"
* {{cite web, url=http://artfcity.com/2014/10/14/finally-a-semi-definitive-definition-of-post-internet-art/, title=Finally, a Semi-Definitive Definition of Post-Internet Art, work=Art F City, date=14 October 2014
Reconstruction of Gene McHugh's 'Post-Internet' blog, 2009–10
Theories of aesthetics Metanarratives Internet culture 2000s in art 2010s in art