The port mapper (''rpc.portmap'' or just ''portmap'', or ''rpcbind'') is an
Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call (ONC RPC) service that runs on network nodes that provide other ONC RPC services.
Version 2 of the port mapper protocol maps ONC RPC program number/version number pairs to the network port number for that version of that program. When an ONC RPC server is started, it will tell the port mapper, for each particular program number/version number pair it implements for a particular transport protocol (
TCP or
UDP), what port number it is using for that particular program number/version number pair on that transport protocol. Clients wishing to make an ONC RPC call to a particular version of a particular ONC RPC service must first contact the port mapper on the server machine to determine the actual TCP or UDP port to use.
Versions 3 and 4 of the protocol, called the rpcbind protocol, map a program number/version number pair, and an indicator that specifies a transport protocol, to a transport-layer endpoint address for that program number/version number pair on that transport protocol.
The port mapper service always uses TCP or UDP port 111; a fixed port is required for it, as a client would not be able to get the port number for the port mapper service from the port mapper itself.
The port mapper must be started before any other RPC servers are started.
The port mapper service first appeared in
SunOS
SunOS is a Unix-branded operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their workstation and server computer systems. The ''SunOS'' name is usually only used to refer to versions 1.0 to 4.1.4, which were based on BSD, while versions 5.0 ...
2.0.
Example portmap instance
This shows the different programs and their versions, and which ports they use. For example, it shows that
NFS is running, both version 2 and 3, and can be reached at
TCP port 2049 or
UDP port 2049, depending on what transport protocol the client wants to use, and that the mount protocol, both version 1 and 2, is running, and can be reached at UDP port 644 or TCP port 645, depending on what transport protocol the client wants to use.
$ rpcinfo -p
program vers proto port
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
100003 2 udp 2049 nfs
100003 3 udp 2049 nfs
100003 4 udp 2049 nfs
100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs
100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs
100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs
100024 1 udp 32770 status
100021 1 udp 32770 nlockmgr
100021 3 udp 32770 nlockmgr
100021 4 udp 32770 nlockmgr
100024 1 tcp 32769 status
100021 1 tcp 32769 nlockmgr
100021 3 tcp 32769 nlockmgr
100021 4 tcp 32769 nlockmgr
100005 1 udp 644 mountd
100005 1 tcp 645 mountd
100005 2 udp 644 mountd
100005 2 tcp 645 mountd
100005 3 udp 644 mountd
100005 3 tcp 645 mountd
Security concerns
The port mapper service was discovered to be used in Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and Distributed Reflective Denial of Service (DRDoS) attacks in 2015. By using a spoofed port mapper request, an attacker can amplify the effects on a target because a portmap query will return many times more data than in the original request.
References
External links
*
*{{man, 1m, rpcbind, Solaris
*RFC 1833 - the specification of the ONC RPC port mapping protocol.
Internet Standards
Internet protocols
Unix network-related software
Remote procedure call