Portland (sidewheeler 1853)
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''Portland'' was a side wheel steamer built at
Portland, Oregon Portland ( ) is the List of cities in Oregon, most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon, located in the Pacific Northwest region. Situated close to northwest Oregon at the confluence of the Willamette River, Willamette and Columbia River, ...
in the summer of 1853. This vessel was chiefly remembered for its dramatic destruction in 1857 by being washed over
Willamette Falls The Willamette Falls is a natural waterfall in the Northwestern United States, northwestern United States, located on the Willamette River between Oregon City, Oregon, Oregon City and West Linn, Oregon. The largest waterfall in the Northwest ...
, an incident which killed its captain and a deckhand. The death of the captain, Arthur Jamieson, was one of at least four brothers, all steamboat officers, who were killed in three separate steamboating accidents occurring between 1857 and 1861 in Oregon and in
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.


Design, construction, and ownership

''Portland'' was a small sidewheeler, long, launched at Portland on July 2, 1853. Built by Alexander S. Murray and Jack Torrance, ''Portland'' was designed to run between Oregon City and Portland. The vessel was owned by Murray, Torrence, and Capt. Archibald Jamieson.


Operations


People's Line

For a brief period starting in 1853 ''Portland'', under captain A.S. Murray, and ''Multnomah'', under Capt George W. Hoyt, were combined as the People's Line. This was the first merger of steamboat interests on the river. As of November 12, 1853 ''Portland'' would leave Oregon City daily at 9:00 a.m. for Portland, and leave Portland at 2:00 p.m. on the return trip to Oregon City. ''Multnomah'' left Portland at 9:00 a.m. for Oregon City, and departed Oregon City in the afternoon, at 3:00 p.m. to return to Portland. As of April 21, 1855, under Capt. A.S. Murray, ''Portland'' was running on a daily route between Oregon City and Portland, departing Oregon City at 8:00 a.m., and leaving Portland at 2:00 p.m.


Citizens' Line

As of February 16, 1856, ''Portland'', still under Capt. Murray, had joined with the ''Enterprise'', under Captain Archibald Jamieson, to run under the name of the Citizens' Line. ''Portland'' ran every day except Sundays for Oregon City, leaving Portland from the Hoyt wharf boat at 10:00 a.m. Above
Willamette Falls The Willamette Falls is a natural waterfall in the Northwestern United States, northwestern United States, located on the Willamette River between Oregon City, Oregon, Oregon City and West Linn, Oregon. The largest waterfall in the Northwest ...
, the Enterprise made semi-weekly trips to Corvallis, departing from Canemah on Mondays at 6:00 am., and Thursdays at 2:00 p.m. This association continued at least through March 8, 1856.


Transfer to upper Willamette river

In October 1856, ''Portland'' was taken from the lower Willamette river around
Willamette Falls The Willamette Falls is a natural waterfall in the Northwestern United States, northwestern United States, located on the Willamette River between Oregon City, Oregon, Oregon City and West Linn, Oregon. The largest waterfall in the Northwest ...
, to run on the upper river to serve in the trade between Canameh and
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, on the
Yamhill river The Yamhill River is an tributary of the Willamette River, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Formed by the confluence of the South Yamhill River and the North Yamhill River about east of McMinnville, it drains part of the Northern Oregon Coast R ...
''Portland'' was able to reach Dayton most of the year, except when there was extreme low water on the Yamhill river bar, where the Yamhill flowed into the Willamette.


Destruction at the falls

At about 5:00 p.m. on
St. Patrick's Day Saint Patrick's Day, or the Feast of Saint Patrick (), is a religious and cultural holiday held on 17 March, the traditional death date of Saint Patrick (), the foremost patron saint of Ireland. Saint Patrick's Day was made an official Chri ...
, March 17, 1857, the steamer ''Portland'' was carried over
Willamette Falls The Willamette Falls is a natural waterfall in the Northwestern United States, northwestern United States, located on the Willamette River between Oregon City, Oregon, Oregon City and West Linn, Oregon. The largest waterfall in the Northwest ...
and destroyed. With Capt. Arthur Jamieson in command, and one of his brothers as the engineer, ''Portland'' had come down river and landed the passengers at Canemah. The steamer had been coming down from the
Yamhill River The Yamhill River is an tributary of the Willamette River, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Formed by the confluence of the South Yamhill River and the North Yamhill River about east of McMinnville, it drains part of the Northern Oregon Coast R ...
. Some trouble had been encountered with the rudder about twenty miles upstream, and the boat's engineer had gone ashore at Canemah to get some iron hardware for the rudder. Pending more thorough repair, the rudder had been lashed with ropes for temporary use. While engineer Jamieson was ashore, Captain Jamieson, a fireman known as Dutch Pete (or Peter Anderson), and a deckhand, Alexander Bell, took the boat to the west side of the river to land some freight at the Linn City Mills. Dutch Pete was acting as engineer. When this was complete, the boat started back across the river under very low steam, and was caught in the current, and carried over the falls. The rudder reportedly became uncontrollable. The boat went broadside onto the breakwater, but then spun round and headed stern first over the falls, with the engine working the whole time. Steamboat captain George A. Pease had been on shore, and realized the danger ''Portland'' was in. Pease threw out lines, and called to the men on the steamer to jump in, grab one of the lines, and save themselves. Dutch Pete the fireman either leapt or was thrown off the boat, and managed to reach a rock. He was able to get to a floating log, where he was caught one of the lines thrown out by rescuers. Captain Jamieson and deckhand Bell stayed on board longer, trying to save the vessel. Just before it went over the brink, Captain Jamieson jumped off the boat into the water. It was only waist deep, but the current was strong enough to carry him over the falls. Deckhand Bell was reported to have jumped overboard at about the same time. He was likewise swept over the falls. The bodies of the two men were later found in the swirling waters below the falls. The steamer went over stern first and broke into two pieces. The steam whistle went off just as the boat broke in two. The steamer crashed into the bottom of the falls a total wreck, pieces of which floated down the river.


Wreckage floats downstream

The upper works floated downriver in pieces. The steamer '' Jennie Clark'', coming up river bound for Oregon City, found pieces of the wreck floating near the city. The crew of the ''Jennie'', as that steamer was known, lashed on some of the wreckage, recovering some mattresses, blankets, a trunk, a
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, and the
steam whistle A steam whistle is a device used to produce sound in the form of a whistle using live steam, which creates, projects, and amplifies its sound by acting as a vibrating system. Operation The whistle consists of the following main parts, as s ...
and
compass A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a magnetized needle or other element, such as a compass card or compass rose, which can pivot to align itself with No ...
of the ''Portland''. One section came by the city of ''Portland'', and a few miles downstream, a man searched it and found $75 in a room from the upper deck. The mattresses in the cabin were still dry. If Jamieson and Bell had stayed on board, they might have survived. At the time of its destruction, ''Portland'' was valued at about $8,000. It was uncertain whether the machinery would be raised.


The Jamieson brothers

Arthur Jamieson, last captain of Portland, was one of several sons of a family from the
Isle of Arran The Isle of Arran (; ) or simply Arran is an island off the west coast of Scotland. It is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde and the seventh-largest Scottish island, at . Counties of Scotland, Historically part of Buteshire, it is in the ...
, on the Firth of Clyde
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, who had emigrated to North American and became involved in the steamboat business. Four of these brothers were to die in steamboat accidents. As related, Arthur Jamieson died in the wreck of the ''Portland'' on March 17, 1851. Smith Baird Jamieson, captain of the
Fraser river The Fraser River () is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain (Canada), Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for , into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of V ...
steamer ''Fort Yale'', was killed on April 14, 1861, when his steamboat's boiler exploded near
Hope, British Columbia Hope is a district municipality at the confluence of the Fraser River, Fraser and Coquihalla River, Coquihalla rivers in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Hope is at the eastern end of both the Fraser Valley and the Lower Mainland regio ...
. In August 1861, Capt. Archibald Jamieson, former master of the Willamette steamer ''Enterprise'', and brother James Baird Jamieson, second engineer, were killed when their new steamer, ''Cariboo and Fly'', then known simply as ''Cariboo'', exploded near
Victoria, British Columbia Victoria is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of British Columbia, on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific Ocean, Pacific coast. The city has a population of 91,867, and the Gre ...
. A fifth, unnamed, brother is often reported to have perished in the explosion of the ''Gazelle'' on April 8, 1854, at
Canemah, Oregon Canemah was an early settlement in the U.S. state of Oregon located near the Willamette River. Canemah was annexed to Oregon City in 1928. Location The district of Canemah is located on the east side of the Willamette River. At that time, Oreg ...
However, a contemporaneous report from the '' Oregon Spectator'' about the explosion of the ''Gazelle'', contained a list of the persons killed and injured and made no mention of anyone on board named Jamieson. A fifth, unnamed, Jamieson brother was reported to have died in Oregon City sometime in the 1850s, with no mention of the cause of death. The deceased brothers were reported to have been survived by their mother, then still a resident on the Isle of Arran.


Historical memory

The deaths of the Jamieson brothers, including the wreck of the ''Portland'', were the subject of a 1999 song, ''The Steamboatin' Jamiesons'', performed by the Canadian musical group Tiller's Folly.


Notes


References


Books

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Journals

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On line historic newspaper collections

* {{Willamette River Steamboats Steamboats of Oregon Steamboats of the Willamette River Passenger ships of the United States Merchant ships of the United States Clackamas County, Oregon Ships built in Canemah, Oregon 1857 in Oregon Territory