''Ponera'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

ponerine Ponerinae, the ponerine ants, is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including ''Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's largest species of ant. Mated workers have replaced ...

ant Ants are Eusociality, eusocial insects of the Family (biology), family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the Taxonomy (biology), order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from Vespoidea, vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cre ...

s. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched').

Description

Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus is very similar to ''

Cryptopone ''Cryptopone'' is a genus of ponerine ants containing 23 valid species, all of which are extant. The genus has a worldwide distribution, with most species occurring in Asia. Workers range from very small to medium in size (1.7–6.1 mm), wi ...

'', '' Hypoponera'' and ''

Pachycondyla ''Pachycondyla'' is a Ponerinae, ponerine genus of ants found in the Neotropics. Distribution ''Pachycondyla'' is currently distributed from southern United States to northern Argentina, but some fossil species (e.g. ''Pachycondyla eocenica, P. ...

''.

Biology

''Ponera'' nests contain less than 100 workers in protected places on the ground, most often in the soil or in cracks, rotten wood, under bark or moss on rotten logs.

Distribution

''Ponera'' is known from the

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and known until 1997 as Western Samoa, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu), two smaller, inhabited ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

Species

*'' Ponera alisana'' Terayama, 1986 *'' Ponera alpha'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera augusta'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera bableti'' Perrault, 1993 *''

Ponera baka ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera bawana'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera bishamon'' Terayama, 1996 *''

Ponera borneensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Taylor, 1967 *''

Ponera chapmani ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Taylor, 1967 *''

Ponera chiponensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Terayama, 1986 *''

Ponera clavicornis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Emery, 1900 *''

Ponera coarctata ''Ponera'' is a genus of Ponerinae, ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but alate, wi ...

'' (Latreille, 1802) *''

Ponera colaensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Mann, 1921 *''

Ponera diodonta ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *†''

Ponera elegantissima ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Meunier, 1923 *''

Ponera elegantula ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Wilson, 1957 *''

Ponera exotica ''Ponera exotica'' is a species of ant in the family Formicidae. References Further reading * External links

* Ponerinae Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1962 {{Ponerinae-stub ...

'' Smith, 1962 *''

Ponera guangxiensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Zhou, 2001 *''

Ponera hubeiensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Wang & Zhao, 2009 *'' Ponera incerta'' (Wheeler, 1933) *'' Ponera indica'' Bharti & Wachkoo, 2012 *'' Ponera japonica'' Wheeler, 1906 *'' Ponera kohmoku'' Terayama, 1996 *'' Ponera leae'' Forel, 1913 *†'' Ponera leptocephala'' Emery, 1891 *†'' Ponera lobulifera'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Ponera loi'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera longlina'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera manni'' Taylor, 1967 *†'' Ponera mayri'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Ponera menglana'' Xu, 2001 *''

Ponera nangongshana ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *''

Ponera norfolkensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Wheeler, 1935 *'' Ponera oreas'' (Wheeler, 1933) *'' Ponera paedericera'' Zhou, 2001 *''

Ponera pennsylvanica ''Ponera pennsylvanica'' is a species of ant that is usually found in mesic forests in the Eastern United States. The species' nests are usually found under rotting logs, in rotting stumps or logs, in acorns, in soil, and in leaf mold. Ant colon ...

'' Buckley, 1866 *'' Ponera pentodontos'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera petila'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera pianmana'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera rishen'' Terayama, 2009 *'' Ponera ruficornis'' Spinola, 1851 *'' Ponera scabra'' Wheeler, 1928 *'' Ponera selenophora'' Emery, 1900 *''

Ponera shennong ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Terayama, 2009 *'' Ponera sikkimensis'' Bharti & Rilta, 2015 *'' Ponera sinensis'' Wheeler, 1928 *'' Ponera swezeyi'' (Wheeler, 1933) *'' Ponera syscena'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera sysphinctoides'' Bernard, 1950 *'' Ponera szaboi'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera szentivanyi'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera taipingensis'' Forel, 1913 *'' Ponera taiyangshen'' Terayama, 2009 *'' Ponera takaminei'' Terayama, 1996 *'' Ponera tamon'' Terayama, 1996 *'' Ponera taylori'' Bharti & Wachkoo, 2012 *'' Ponera tenuis'' (Emery, 1900) *'' Ponera terayamai'' Leong, Guénard, Shiao & Lin, 2019 *'' Ponera testacea'' Emery, 1895 *'' Ponera tudigong'' Pierce, Leong & Guénard, 2019 *†'' Ponera wheeleri'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Ponera woodwardi'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera wui'' Leong, Guénard, Shiao & Lin, 2019 *''

Ponera xantha ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera xenagos'' Wilson, 1957 *''

Ponera yuhuang ''Ponera'' is a genus of Ponerinae, ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but alate, wi ...

'' Terayama, 2009

References

External links

* Ponerinae Ant genera {{Ponerinae-stub