''Polyxenus'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
millipede
Millipedes (originating from the Latin , "thousand", and , "foot") are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derive ...
in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Polyxenidae
Polyxenidae is a family of millipedes in the order Polyxenida containing approximately 47 species in 19 genera. All adults in this family have 13 pairs of legs.
Genera
* '' Allographis'' Silvestri 1948
* '' Anopsxenus'' Condé & Jacquemin 196 ...
.
This genus includes at least 29 valid
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
.
This genus has a worldwide distribution, with species found on all continents except
Antarctica
Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. ...
.
Description
Adults in this genus feature 10
tergites
A ''tergum'' (Latin for "the back"; : ''terga'', associated adjective tergal) is the dorsal ('upper') portion of an arthropod segment other than the head. The anterior edge is called the 'base' and posterior edge is called the 'apex' or 'margin'. ...
in front of the
telson
The telson () is the hindmost division of the body of an arthropod. Depending on the definition, the telson is either considered to be the final segment (biology), segment of the arthropod body, or an additional division that is not a true segm ...
and 13 pairs of legs. The tergites each feature two transverse rows of bristles. These millipedes usually feature eyes, most often with five or six
ommatidia
The compound eyes of arthropods like insects, crustaceans and millipedes are composed of units called ommatidia (: ommatidium). An ommatidium contains a cluster of photoreceptor cells surrounded by support cells and pigment cells. The outer part ...
on each side, but the number of these ommatidia can range from zero to ten on each side.
Species
*''
Polyxenus albus''
Pocock, 1894
*''
Polyxenus anacapensis''
Pierce, 1940
*''
Polyxenus anophthalius''
Ishii & Yin, 2000
*''
Polyxenus buxtoni''
Brollemann, 1921
*''
Polyxenus caudatus''
Menge, 1854
*''
Polyxenus chalcidicus''
Conde & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1971
*''
Polyxenus chilensis
In Greek mythology, Polyxenus or Polyxeinus (, ''Poluxenos'', or , ''Poluxeinos'') is a name that may refer to:
*Polyxenus, one of the first priests of Demeter and one of the first to learn the secrets of the Eleusinian Mysteries.
*Polyxenus, ...
''
Silvestri, 1903
*''
Polyxenus colurus''
Menge, 1854
*''
Polyxenus conformis''
Koch & Berendt, 1854
*''
Polyxenus fasciculatus''
Say, 1821
*''
Polyxenus germanicus''
Verhoeff, 1941
*''
Polyxenus hangzhoensis''
Ishii & Liang, 1990
*''
Polyxenus hawaiiensis''
Silvestri, 1904
*''
Polyxenus koreanus''
Ishii & Choi, 1988
*''
Polyxenus lagurus
''Polyxenus lagurus'', known as the bristly millipede is a species of millipede
Millipedes (originating from the Latin , "thousand", and , "foot") are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most ...
''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
)
*''
Polyxenus lapidicola''
Silvestri, 1903
*''
Polyxenus lepagei''
Mello-Leitao, 1925
*''
Polyxenus lophurus''
Menge, 1854
*''
Polyxenus lucidus''
Chalande, 1888
*''
Polyxenus macedonicus''
Verhoeff, 1952
*''
Polyxenus oromii''
Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1996
*''
Polyxenus ovalis''
Koch & Berendt, 1854
*''
Polyxenus paraguayensis''
Silvestri, 1903
*''
Polyxenus platensis''
Silvestri, 1903
*''
Polyxenus ponticus''
Lignau, 1903
*''
Polyxenus pugetensis''
Kincaid, 1898
*''
Polyxenus rossi''
Chamberlin, 1957
*''
Polyxenus senex''
Mello-Leitao, 1925
*''
Polyxenus shinoharai
In Greek mythology, Polyxenus or Polyxeinus (, ''Poluxenos'', or , ''Poluxeinos'') is a name that may refer to:
*Polyxenus, one of the first priests of Demeter and one of the first to learn the secrets of the Eleusinian Mysteries.
*Polyxenus, ...
''
Ishii, 1983
*''
Polyxenus sokolowi''
Lignau, 1924
*''
Polyxenus superbus''
Silvestri, 1903
*''
Polyxenus triocellatus''
Ishii & Yin, 2000
*''
Polyxenus tuberculatus''
Pierce, 1940
Fossil species
* †''Polyxenus miocenica''
Srivastava et al. 2006 Kerala amber, India, Miocene
* †''Polyxenus ovalis''
Koch and Berendt 1854 Baltic amber
Baltic amber or succinite is amber from the Baltic region, home of its largest known deposits. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that this forested region provided the re ...
, Eocene
* †''Polyxenus coniformis''
Koch and Berendt 1854 Baltic amber, Eocene
* †''Polyxenus colurus''
Menge 1854 Baltic amber, Eocene
* †''Polyxenus caudatus''
Menge 1854 Baltic amber, Eocene
* †''Polyxenus lophurus''
Menge 1854 Baltic amber, Eocene
References
Polyxenida
Millipede genera
{{Millipede-stub