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Poleg ( he, נחל פולג, Naḥal Poleg) is a stream in the
{{DEFAULTSORT:Poleg, Nahal Rivers of Israel Nature reserves in Israel Landforms of Central District (Israel) Protected areas of Central District (Israel)
Poleg ( he, נחל פולג, Naḥal Poleg) is a stream in the Sharon plain
The Sharon plain ( ''HaSharon Arabic: سهل شارون Sahel Sharon'') is the central section of the Israeli coastal plain. The plain lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the west and the Samarian Hills, to the east. It stretches from Nahal ...
in Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
that empties into the Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...
between Netanya
Netanya (also known as Natanya, he, נְתַנְיָה) is a city in the Northern Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is north of Tel Aviv, and south of Haifa, between Poleg stream and Wingate ...
and the Wingate Institute
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.
Geography
The stream starts between Tira and Ramat HaKovesh, east of Mishmeret. It runs west to the sea, veering north at Batzra. It is mostly intermittent, and becomes aperennial stream
A perennial stream is a stream that has continuous flow of surface water throughout the year in at least parts of its catchment during seasons of normal rainfall, Water Supply Paper 494. as opposed to intermittent river, one whose flow is interm ...
towards its end. There is a man-made opening in the '' kurkar'' ridge that runs south-north along the coastal plain.
History
In Arabic, the stream had been known as , alternatively transliterated as ; and later as . The nearby Tel Poleg archaeological site was excavated, revealing a fortified city of theMiddle Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
. The site has mostly been destroyed by a modern quarry. The original opening in the ''kurkar'' ridge was made in the Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
, and reopened during the Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
* Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lett ...
period.
The Crusaders
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were ...
called the stream ''River Rochetaillé'' ("Split-rock River") because of the long narrow rock channel, cut artificially at some former period through the inland cliffs, by which the river finds a channel to the sea shore. On 6 September 1191, the night before the Battle of Arsuf
The Battle of Arsuf took place on 7 September 1191, as part of the Third Crusade. It saw a multi-national force of Crusaders, led by Richard I of England, defeat a significantly larger army of the Ayyubid Sultanate, led by Saladin.
Fol ...
, the Crusaders camped near the mouth of ''River Rochetaillé''; by then, the opening in the ridge had clogged again, resulting in a 4000- dunam marsh
A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p Marshes can often be found a ...
, which protected the Crusaders' camp from the east.
The opening was cleared again in 1935, and the stream's current course was set in the area east of the ''kurkar'' ridge. The marsh, known by the Arabs as ''Birkat Ramadan'', remained south of Tel Yitzhak as late as 1945, and was a popular hunting location with abundant wildfowl.
Nature Reserve
The Nahal Poleg nature reserve is situated betweenWingate Institute
, image_name = Wingate Institute (3144).jpg
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, latin_name =
, motto =
, mottoeng =
, established = 1957
, closed = ...
and Ramat Poleg, between Highway 2
The following highways are numbered 2. For roads numbered A2, see list of A2 roads. For roads numbered B2, see list of B2 roads. For roads numbered M2, see list of M2 roads. For roads numbered N2, see list of N2 roads.
International
* AH2, As ...
and the Mediterranean. It covers 500 dunams, and was declared a reserve in 1971.
Flora in the reserve includes a coastal variety of Boxthorn
''Lycium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. The genus has a disjunct distribution around the globe, with species occurring on most continents in temperate and subtropical regions. South America has the most sp ...
, '' Ephedra aphylla'', '' Calicotome villosa'', the endemic ''Rumex
The docks and sorrels, genus ''Rumex'', are a genus of about 200 species of annual, biennial, and perennial herbs in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae.
Members of this genus are very common perennial herbs with a native almost worldwide dist ...
rothschildianus'', '' Iris atropurpurea'', Lupin
''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...
, and ''Tulip
Tulips (''Tulipa'') are a genus of spring-blooming perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes (having bulbs as storage organs). The flowers are usually large, showy and brightly coloured, generally red, pink, yellow, or white (usually in war ...
a agenensis sharonensis''.
See also
*National parks and nature reserves of Israel
National parks of Israel are declared historic sites or nature reserves, which are mostly operated and maintained by the National Nature and Parks Authority. As of 2015, Israel maintains 81 national parks and more than 400 nature reserves, m ...
*Geography of Israel
The geography of Israel is very diverse, with desert conditions in the south, and snow-capped mountains in the north. Israel is located at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea in Western Asia. It is bounded to the north by Lebanon, the nor ...
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Poleg, Nahal Rivers of Israel Nature reserves in Israel Landforms of Central District (Israel) Protected areas of Central District (Israel)