Point defence (or point defense; see
spelling differences) is the defence of a single object or a limited area, e.g. a ship, building or an airfield, now usually against air attacks and
guided missiles. Point defence weapons have a smaller range in contrast to
area-defence
Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...
systems and are placed near or on the object to be protected.
Point defence may include:
* short-ranged
interceptor aircraft
An interceptor aircraft, or simply interceptor, is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically for the defensive interception role against an attacking enemy aircraft, particularly bombers and reconnaissance aircraft. Aircraft that are ...
*
Close-in weapon systems on ship
* land-based short-ranged
anti-aircraft
Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...
guns or
surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft syst ...
systems
*
Active protection system
An active protection system is a system designed to actively prevent certain anti-tank weapons from destroying a vehicle.
Countermeasures that either conceal the vehicle from, or disrupt the guidance of an incoming guided missile threat are desig ...
s on tanks or other armoured fighting vehicles
Coastal artillery
Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications.
From the Middle Ages until World War II, coastal artillery and naval artillery in the form o ...
to protect harbours is similar conceptually, but is generally not classified as point defence. Similarly, passive systems—
electronic countermeasures
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used both offensively and defensively to deny targeting inf ...
, decoys,
chaff,
flares,
barrage balloons—are not considered point defence.
Examples
*
Bachem Ba 349 ''Natter'' – vertical take-off rocket powered crewed interceptor (prototypes only)
*
Messerschmitt Me 163 – World War II-era operational German rocket powered
interceptor.
*
Goalkeeper CIWS – Gun
CIWS
A close-in weapon system (CIWS ) is a point-defense weapon system for detecting and destroying short-range incoming missiles and enemy aircraft which have penetrated the outer defenses, typically mounted on a naval ship. Nearly all classes of l ...
in current service by the Dutch navy.
*
Phalanx CIWS
The Phalanx CIWS (often spoken as "sea-wiz") is a gun-based close-in weapon system to defend military watercraft automatically against incoming threats such as aircraft, missiles, and small boats. It was designed and manufactured by the Ge ...
– 20 mm
Vulcan cannon mounted on a swivelling base. Notably used on almost all major surface combatants of the
US Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...
.
*
Kashtan CIWS – Gun-Missile CIWS in current service by the Russian navy.
*
RIM-116 RAM
The RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) is a small, lightweight, infrared homing surface-to-air missile in use by the German, Japanese, Greek, Turkish, South Korean, Saudi Arabian, Egyptian, Mexican, UAE, and U.S. Navies. It was originally ...
– Missile CIWS in current use by the US Navy.
*
Type 730 – in current use by the Chinese Navy.
*
Arena APS – a Russian point defence system for individual armoured vehicles.
See also
*
Zero length launch
References
Military science
{{mil-stub