Plumularioidea is a
superfamily of hydrozoans in the
order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
...
Leptothecata.
This superfamily unites about 45
genera
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
in the following
families
Family (from ) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as ...
:
*
Aglaopheniidae
Aglaopheniidae is a family (biology), family of hydrozoans.
Genera
According to the World Register of Marine Species, these genus, genera belong to this family:
* ''Aglaophenia'' Lamouroux, 1812
* ''Aglaophenopsis'' Fewkes, 1881
* ''Carpocladus' ...
Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890
*
Halopterididae Millard, 1962
*
Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow, 1921
*
Phylactothecidae Stechow, 1921
*
Plumaleciidae Choong & Calder, 2018
*
Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859
*
Schizotrichidae Peña Cantero, Sentandreu & Latorre, 2010
These
thecate hydroids grow in erect colonies, branched in some
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
but unbranched in others. Each branch may bear a single or several animals. In the latter case the
hydrothecae are arranged in a neat single file; in either case they are not set on stalks but grow from the branches directly. The hydrothecase have a cusped or even rim and instead of a
diaphragm a well-defined floor with a
hydropore that is usually off-center. The
hydranths have a conical
hypostome and a single whorl of thread-like
tentacle
In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work main ...
s. The
gastrodermis
Gastrodermis (from Ancient Greek: , , "stomach"; , , "skin") is the inner layer of Cell (biology), cells that serves as a lining membrane of the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians. It is distinct from the outer epidermis and the inner dermis and ...
contains areas with and others without digestive function.
Nematophores are always present and usually protected by
nematothecae. The
gonotheca are borne singly or in groups, they may or may not have protective
hydrocladia or appendages. The
gonophores are usually fixed
sporosacs, more rarely they are rather reduced
medusoids.
[Schuchert (2008)]
Footnotes
References
* (2008)
The Hydrozoa Directory Retrieved 2008-JUL-08.
Leptothecata
Animal superfamilies
{{leptothecata-stub