''Ploiaria'' is a
cosmopolitan
Cosmopolitan may refer to:
Internationalism
* World citizen, one who eschews traditional geopolitical divisions derived from national citizenship
* Cosmopolitanism, the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single moral community
* Cosmopolitan ...
genus of
thread-legged bug
The Emesinae, or thread-legged bugs, are a subfamily of the Reduviidae (i.e., assassin bugs). They are conspicuously different from the other reduviids by their very slender body form. They are stalking, predatory insects that can be collected on ...
s (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like
setae
In biology, setae (; seta ; ) are any of a number of different bristle- or hair-like structures on living organisms.
Animal setae
Protostomes
Depending partly on their form and function, protostome setae may be called macrotrichia, chaetae ...
, the medially emarginated posterior margin of the
prosternum
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on e ...
, the posterior pronotal lobe covering only the extreme base of the
mesonotum
The mesothorax is the middle of the three segments of the thorax of hexapods, and bears the second pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the mesonotum (dorsal), the mesosternum ( ventral), and the mesopleuron (lateral) ...
, the
scutellum and
metanotum
The metathorax is the posterior of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the third pair of legs. Its principal sclerites ( exoskeletal plates) are the metanotum (dorsal), the metasternum ( ventral), and the metapleuron (late ...
lacking spines, the profemora lacking a process with several spine-like setae, and three-segmented protarsi. There is great variation in wing development between different species and within species, with macroptery (developed wings), brachyptery (reduced wings) and aptery (winglessness) all occurring in the genus.
Habitat
These bugs live in various habitats ranging from tropical forests to deserts and even oceanic islands (presumably reached by rafting on tree trunks). Their microhabitat range includes trees,
epiphytes
An epiphyte is a plant or plant-like organism that grows on the surface of another plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphyt ...
, leaf litter, under bark and under stones. The species ''P. chilensis'' and ''P. domestica'' are
synanthropes, meaning they are associated with human habitats.
Diet
''Ploiaria'', like other emesines, are
predators
Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...
. They have been recorded feeding on prey such as ''
Phlebotomus
''Phlebotomus'' is a genus of " sand flies" in the Diptera family Psychodidae. In the past, they have sometimes been considered to belong in a separate family, Phlebotomidae, but this alternative classification has not gained wide acceptance.
E ...
'' flies,
mosquitoes
Mosquitoes, the Culicidae, are a family of small flies consisting of 3,600 species. The word ''mosquito'' (formed by '' mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish and Portuguese for ''little fly''. Mosquitoes have a slender segmented body, ...
and
planthoppers
A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, a group exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment ...
.
Selected species
This list contains all species of ''Ploiaria'' currently considered valid, except for a few that have been described very recently:
* ''
Ploiaria abrupta
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Noualhier, 1895
* ''
Ploiaria albipennis
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria alexanderi
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Wygodzinsky, 1954
* ''
Ploiaria anak
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
Distant, 1909
* ''
Ploiaria antipoda''
Bergroth, 1927
* ''
Ploiaria apicata
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
McAtee & Malloch, 1926
* ''
Ploiaria aptera
''Ploiaria aptera'' is a species of thread-legged bug in the family Reduviidae
The Reduviidae is a large Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family of the suborder Heteroptera of the Order (biology), order Hemiptera (true bugs). Among the ...
''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria armstrongi
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Wygodzinsky, 1956
* ''
Ploiaria assimilata
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Van Duzee, 1935
* ''
Ploiaria bakeri
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
McAtee & Malloch, 1926
* ''
Ploiaria basilewskyi
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Villiers, 1961
* ''
Ploiaria bequaerti
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Wygodzinsky, 1953
* ''
Ploiaria berlandi
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Villiers, 1943
* ''
Ploiaria biroi
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Wygodzinsky, 1966
* ''
Ploiaria borbonica
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Villiers, 1971
* ''
Ploiaria brincki
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Wygodzinsky, 1958
* ''
Ploiaria brunnea''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria buscki''
Wygodzinsky, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria californiensis
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
Baker, 1910
* ''
Ploiaria capeneri''
Wygodzinsky, 1952
* ''
Ploiaria capensis''
Villiers, 1949
* ''
Ploiaria carolina''
(Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850)
* ''
Ploiaria carvalhoi''
Wygodzinsky, 1966
* ''
Ploiaria chilensis''
(Philippi, 1862)
* ''
Ploiaria circe''
(Kirkaldy, 1908)
* ''
Ploiaria concolor''
(Dohrn, 1860)
* ''
Ploiaria congoana''
(Villiers, 1949)
* ''
Ploiaria cunnamulla''
Wygodzinsky, 1956
* ''
Ploiaria darlingtoni''
Wygodzinsky, 1954
* ''
Ploiaria decorata''
Villiers, 1950
* ''
Ploiaria denieri''
Wygodzinsky, 1954
* ''
Ploiaria denticauda''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria disponsi''
Linnavuori, 1965
* ''
Ploiaria djurdjurana''
Dispons, 1951
* ''
Ploiaria domestica
''Ploiaria'' is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like Seta, setae, ...
''
Scopoli, 1786
* ''
Ploiaria elegantula''
Villiers, 1952
* ''
Ploiaria ellenbergeri''
Villiers, 1948
* ''
Ploiaria fairmairei''
(Dohrn, 1860)
* ''
Ploiaria floridana''
(Bergroth, 1922)
* ''
Ploiaria funebris''
(Bergroth, 1906)
* ''
Ploiaria gabonensis''
(Villiers, 1948)
* ''
Ploiaria geijskesi''
Wygodzinsky, 1945
* ''
Ploiaria geniculata''
(Stål, 1874)
* ''
Ploiaria glabella''
Wygodzinsky, 1966
* ''
Ploiaria gracilipes
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
Villiers, 1973
* ''
Ploiaria granulata''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria greeni''
Distant, 1903
* ''
Ploiaria guadeloupensis
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
Villiers, 1978
* ''
Ploiaria gundlachi''
(Dohrn, 1860)
* ''
Ploiaria guttata''
Wygodzinsky, 1956
* ''
Ploiaria gutturalis
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posteri ...
''
Noualhier, 1895
* ''
Ploiaria hainana
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
Hsiao, 1965
* ''
Ploiaria halosydne''
Wygodzinsky & Usinger, 1960
* ''
Ploiaria hewitti''
China, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria hirticornis''
(N.Banks, 1909)
* ''
Ploiaria icela''
Wygodzinsky, 1958
* ''
Ploiaria insolida''
White, 1877
* ''
Ploiaria isadas''
(Kirkaldy, 1901)
* ''
Ploiaria jimmiwum''
Wygodzinsky, 1966
* ''
Ploiaria katznelsoni''
(Dispons, 1964)
* ''
Ploiaria kocheri''
Dispons, 1963
* ''
Ploiaria lestoni''
(Villiers, 1967)
* ''
Ploiaria longa''
Maldonado, 1972
* ''
Ploiaria longiventris''
(Dohrn, 1863)
* ''
Ploiaria maai''
Wygodzinsky, 1966
* ''
Ploiaria macrophthalma''
(Dohrn, 1860)
* ''
Ploiaria maria''
Maldonado, 1948
* ''
Ploiaria matilei''
Dispons & Villiers, 1967
* ''
Ploiaria maya''
Wygodzinsky, 1966
* ''
Ploiaria media''
McAtee & Malloch, 1926
* ''
Ploiaria megalops''
(Champion, 1898)
* ''
Ploiaria mellea''
McAtee & Malloch, 1926
* ''
Ploiaria metapterina''
* ''
Ploiaria mimeuri''
Villiers, 1943
* ''
Ploiaria modesta''
Montrouzier, 1865
* ''
Ploiaria montivaga''
Dispons, 1963
* ''
Ploiaria mosconai''
Wygodzinsky, 1952
* ''
Ploiaria moshesh''
Wygodzinsky, 1958
* ''
Ploiaria musgravei''
Wygodzinsky, 1956
* ''
Ploiaria nilotica''
Villiers, 1973
* ''
Ploiaria nitida''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria noualhieri''
Villiers, 1943
* ''
Ploiaria obscura''
Wygodzinsky, 1956
* ''
Ploiaria oculata''
(Villiers, 1949)
* ''
Ploiaria pallida''
Montrouzier, 1855
* ''
Ploiaria palmarum
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
Maldonado, 1974
* ''
Ploiaria paveli''
* ''
Ploiaria penai''
Wygodzinsky, 1954
* ''
Ploiaria phyllodoce''
Wygodzinsky & Usinger, 1960
* ''
Ploiaria pilicornis''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria plaumanni''
Wygodzinsky, 1966
* ''
Ploiaria poncei''
Maldonado, 1948
* ''
Ploiaria praedator''
(Champion, 1898)
* ''
Ploiaria praesentans''
(Distant, 1909)
* ''
Ploiaria punctipes
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria putoni''
Noualhier, 1895
* ''
Ploiaria recta''
McAtee & Malloch, 1926
* ''
Ploiaria regina''
Wygodzinsky, 1956
* ''
Ploiaria reticulata''
(Baker, 1910)
* ''
Ploiaria rufoannulata''
(Bergroth, 1911)
* ''
Ploiaria sachtlebeni''
Villiers, 1948
* ''
Ploiaria sefrana''
Dispons, 1960
* ''
Ploiaria setulifera''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria sexdentata
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
Lindberg, 1932
* ''
Ploiaria sicaria''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria similis''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria sonoraensis
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
(Van Duzee, 1923)
* ''
Ploiaria soudanica''
Dispons, 1960
* ''
Ploiaria speluncaria''
Villiers, 1979
* ''
Ploiaria stysi''
* ''
Ploiaria texana''
N.Banks, 1909
* ''
Ploiaria thetis
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
Wygodzinsky & Usinger, 1960
* ''
Ploiaria tibestina''
Villiers, 1982
* ''
Ploiaria tillandsiacola''
Maldonado & Brailovsky, 1983
* ''
Ploiaria tuberculata''
Villiers, 1949
* ''
Ploiaria turkestanica''
Putshkov, 1984
* ''
Ploiaria ultima''
McAtee & Malloch, 1966
* ''
Ploiaria umbrarum''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria uniseriata''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria vandoesburgi''
Redei, 2008
* ''
Ploiaria varipennis''
McAtee & Malloch, 1925
* ''
Ploiaria villiersi''
Maldonado, 1978
* ''
Ploiaria vincenti
''Ploiaria'' is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like Seta, setae, ...
''
(Villiers, 1966)
* ''
Ploiaria wahrmani''
Wygodzinsky, 1952
* ''
Ploiaria woodwardi
''Ploiaria'' is a cosmopolitan genus of thread-legged bugs (Emesinae). There are presently about 130 described species.
Description
''Ploiaria'' can be recognised by the head without ventral spine-like setae, the medially emarginated posterio ...
''
Wygodzinsky, 1956
* ''
Ploiaria yunquensis''
Maldonado, 1948
References
* http://www.discoverlife.org/nh/tx/Insecta/Hemiptera/Reduviidae/OTHER/species_list.Weirauch,_Christiane.20060306.org
{{Taxonbar, from=Q10634678
Reduviidae
Cimicomorpha genera
Taxa named by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli