Pleograph () was an early type of

movie camera A movie camera (also known as a film camera and cine-camera) is a type of photographic camera that rapidly takes a sequence of photographs, either onto film stock or an image sensor, in order to produce a moving image to display on a screen. In c ...

constructed in 1894, before those made by the

Lumière brothers Lumière is French for 'light'. Lumiere, Lumière or Lumieres may refer to: Buildings * Lumière, a building used by the Bibliothèque publique d'information in Paris, France * Lumiere (skyscraper), a cancelled skyscraper development in Leeds, ...

,Maciej Iłowiecki, "Dzieje nauki polskiej", Wydawnictwo Interpress, Warszawa 1981, , p.202 (Polish). by Polish inventor

Kazimierz Prószyński Kazimierz Prószyński (4 April 1875 – 13 March 1945) was a Polish inventor active in the field of cinematography. He patented his first film camera, called Pleograph, before the Auguste and Louis Lumière, Lumière brothers, and later went o ...

. Similarly to the Lumière brothers

cinematograph Cinematograph or kinematograph is an early term for several types of motion picture film mechanisms. The name was used for movie cameras as well as film projectors, or for complete systems that also provided means to print films (such as the ...

, Prószyński's pleograph has also been used as a projector. The apparatus used a rectangle of

celluloid Celluloids are a class of materials produced by mixing nitrocellulose and camphor, often with added dyes and other agents. Once much more common for its use as photographic film before the advent of safer methods, celluloid's common present-day ...

with perforation between several parallel rows of images. Using improved pleograph Prószyński shot first short films showing scenes from the life of

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

like people skating on in the park ("''Ślizgawka w Ogrodzie Saskim''" (Rink in Saxon Garden) - 1902). Prószyński later constructed the first hand held camera called an Aeroscope, the first

compressed air Compressed air is air kept under a pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure. Compressed air in vehicle tires and shock absorbers are commonly used for improved traction and reduced vibration. Compressed air is an important medium for t ...

camera.

Studio named after it

The first Polish

film studio A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; how ...

established in

in 1901 was named after this camera in its Polish spelling.

Bibliography

* Alfred Liebfeld "Polacy na szlakach techniki" WKŁ, Warszawa 1966

References

History of film Polish inventions Science and technology in Poland {{film-tech-stub