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''Plecturocebus'' is one of three
genera
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
of titi monkey
The titis, or titi monkeys, are New World monkeys of the subfamily Callicebinae, which contains three extant genera: ''Cheracebus'', ''Callicebus'', and ''Plecturocebus.'' This subfamily also contains the extinct genera '' Miocallicebus, Homun ...
s.
Historically, these monkey
Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as simians. Traditionally, all animals in the group now known as simians are counted as monkeys except the apes. Thus monkeys, in that sense, co ...
s were monogeneric
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...
, being placed in a single genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
: ''Callicebus
''Callicebus'' is a genus of monkeys known as titi monkeys.
Historically, titis were monogeneric, comprising only the genus ''Callicebus'' Thomas, 1903. Owing to the great diversity found across titi monkey species, a new genus-level taxonomy wa ...
'' Thomas, 1903. Owing to the great diversity found across titi monkey species, a new genus-level taxonomy was proposed in 2016 that recognises three genera within the subfamily Callicebinae
The titis, or titi monkeys, are New World monkeys of the subfamily Callicebinae, which contains three extant genera: ''Cheracebus'', ''Callicebus'', and ''Plecturocebus.'' This subfamily also contains the extinct genera '' Miocallicebus, Homun ...
; ''Plecturocebus'' Byrne et al., 2016 for the Amazonian and Chaco titis of the ''moloch'' and ''donacophilus'' groups; ''Cheracebus
''Cheracebus'' is one of three genera of titi monkeys. Monkeys in this genus, particularly the type species ''Cheracebus lugens'', are sometimes referred to as widow titi monkeys.
Historically, titis were monogeneric, comprising only the genus ' ...
'' Byrne et al., 2016 for the species of the ''torquatus'' group (Widow titis); and ''Callicebus'' Thomas, 1903 ''sensu stricto'', for species of the Atlantic Forest ''personatus'' group.
''Plecturocebus'' is derived from the Latin forms of three Greek words: plektos, meaning twist or plait, oura, meaning tail, and kebos, meaning long-tailed monkey. All together, this refers to the behavior of many titi monkeys to intertwine their tails when they sit next to each other.
Species
There are 25 species in this genus: *''P. donacophilus'' group **White-eared titi monkey
The white-eared titi monkey (''Plecturocebus donacophilus'') also known as the Bolivian titi or Bolivian gray titi, is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, from eastern Bolivia and an area of western Brazil. The species has a r ...
, ''Plecturocebus donacophilus''
** Rio Beni titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus modestus''
** Rio Mayo titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus oenanthe''
** Olalla brothers' titi monkey
The Olalla brothers's titi monkey (''Plecturocebus olallae'') is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Bolivia
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central Sou ...
, ''Plecturocebus olallae''
** White-coated titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus pallescens''
** Urubamba brown titi monkey
The Urubamba brown titi monkey (''Plecturocebus urubambensis'') is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Peru.
Taxonomy
Populations in this species were formerly classified within the brown titi (''P. brunneus''), bu ...
, ''Plecturocebus urubambensis''
* ''P. moloch'' group
** Madidi titi monkey
The Madidi titi monkey, also known as the GoldenPalace.com monkey or the golden palace monkey, is a titi, a kind of New World monkey, discovered in western Bolivia's Madidi National Park in 2004. Its scientific name is ''Plecturocebus aureipala ...
, ''Plecturocebus aureipalatii''
** Baptista Lake titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus baptista''
** Prince Bernhard's titi monkey
Prince Bernhard's titi monkey (''Plecturocebus bernhardi''), also called the zog-zog monkey, is a species of titi monkey in the genus ''Plecturocebus'', first described in 2002. It is named after Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands. They have var ...
, ''Plecturocebus bernhardi''
** Brown titi monkey
The brown titi monkey (''Plecturocebus brunneus'') is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is endemic to Brazil. It was originally described as ''Callicebus brunneus'' in 1842 and transferred to the newly e ...
, ''Plecturocebus brunneus''
** Chestnut-bellied titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus caligatus''
** Caquetá titi monkey
The Caquetá titi monkey (''Plecturocebus caquetensis''), also known as the red-bearded titi or the bushy-bearded titi, is a species of titi monkey endemic to Colombia found in the Department of Caquetá region. Taxonomically, it is a member of ...
, ''Plecturocebus caquetensis''
** Ashy black titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus cinerascens''
** Coppery titi monkey
The coppery titi monkey (''Plecturocebus cupreus'') or red titi monkey is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, from South America. They are found in the Amazon of Brazil and Peru, and perhaps northern Bolivia. It was described as ...
, ''Plecturocebus cupreus''
** White-tailed titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus discolor''
** Hershkovitz's titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus dubius''
**Alta Floresta titi monkey
The Alta Floresta titi monkey (''Plecturocebus grovesi''), also known as the Groves's titi monkey, is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil. It was described from the municipality of Alta Floresta in the state o ...
, ''Plecturocebus grovesi''
** Hoffmanns's titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus hoffmannsi''
** Milton's titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus miltoni''
** Red-bellied titi monkey
The red-bellied titi monkey or dusky titi (''Plecturocebus moloch'') is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil. It lives in forests and thickets.
It has a rounded head and a thick, soft coat and frequently adopts ...
, ''Plecturocebus moloch''
** Ornate titi monkey
The ornate titi monkey (''Plecturocebus ornatus'') is a species of titi monkey and is the smallest member of the family Pitheciidae, which also includes uakaris and saki monkeys. As it is a member of this family, it is classified as a type of New ...
, ''Plecturocebus ornatus''
** Parecis titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus parecis''
** Stephen Nash's titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus stephennashi''
** Toppin's titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus toppini''
** Vieira's titi monkey, ''Plecturocebus vieirai''
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q25386240 Primate genera Taxa described in 2016 Taxa named by Maria Nazareth Ferreira da Silva Taxa named by Colin Groves Taxa named by Russell Mittermeier