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The ''Anthology of Planudes'' (also called ''Planudean Anthology'', in
Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
''Anthologia Planudea'' or sometimes in
Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
''Ἀνθολογία διαφόρων ἐπιγραμμάτων'' ("Anthology of various epigrams"), from the first line of the manuscript), is an
anthology In book publishing, an anthology is a collection of literary works chosen by the compiler; it may be a collection of plays, poems, short stories, songs, or related fiction/non-fiction excerpts by different authors. There are also thematic and g ...
of Greek epigrams and poems compiled by
Maximus Planudes Maximus Planudes (, ''Máximos Planoúdēs''; ) was a Byzantine Greek monk, scholar, anthologist, translator, mathematician, grammarian and theologian at Constantinople. Through his translations from Latin into Greek and from Greek into Latin, ...
, a
Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...
grammarian and theologian, based on the '' Anthology of Cephalas''. It comprises 2,400 epigrams. The ''Anthology of Planudes'' starts with the text: «Ἀνθολογία διαφόρων ἐπιγραμμάτων, συντεθειμένων σοφοίς, ἐπί διαφόροις ὑποθέσεσιν ...» (Anthology of various epigrams, created by wise people, about different subjects ...) and consists of seven books. It can be found in an autograph copy of Planudes in
Biblioteca Marciana The Marciana Library or Library of Saint Mark (, but in historical documents commonly referred to as the ) is a public library in Venice, Italy. It is one of the earliest surviving public libraries and repositories for manuscripts in Italy and ...
(''codex Marcianus gr.'' 481) in Venice but also in two apographs, one in an incomplete edition (in London,
British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. Based in London, it is one of the largest libraries in the world, with an estimated collection of between 170 and 200 million items from multiple countries. As a legal deposit li ...
Add MS 16409) and the other in the final edition of the anthology (which is only in fragmentary form, in Paris, Paris B.N. gr. 2744), as well as in several printed editions. Several printed copies of the ''Planudean Anthology'' were made, as it was the only known anthology of Greek epigrams and poems until 1606, when the ''
Palatine Anthology The ''Palatine Anthology'' (or ''Anthologia Palatina''), sometimes abbreviated ''AP'', is the collection of Greek poems and epigrams discovered in 1606 in the Palatine Library in Heidelberg. It is based on the lost collection of Constantine Keph ...
'' manuscript was found. The anthology is today part of the corpus of texts known today as the
Greek Anthology The ''Greek Anthology'' () is a collection of poems, mostly epigrams, that span the Classical Greece, Classical and Byzantine periods of Greek literature. Most of the material of the ''Greek Anthology'' comes from two manuscripts, the ''Palatine ...
. The 397 «The Planudean Anthology contains in all three hundred and ninety-seven epigrams, which are not in the Palatine MS. of Cephalas.» epigrams not found in the ''Palatine Anthology'' (also mentioned as 395 and often as 388 «The 388 poems unique to this compilation usually collectively called "the Planudean Appendix" or incorrectly book 16 of the Palatine Anthology...») are usually included in the Greek Anthology as the ''Appendix Planudea''.


Content

Even though the ''Anthology of Planudes'' is based in the ''Anthology of Cephalas'', comparison with the ''Palatine Anthology'' (also based on Cephalas's anthology) shows that not only many poems and epigrams were omitted (Palatine has 3700 epigrams, while the Planudean only 2400), but also Planudes made several mistakes or "corrections". At the beginning the transcription was done accurately, but after a certain point omissions become more and more as if the author lost his interest or was pressed to finalise the books. As a result, when the much more accurate Palatine Anthology was discovered, the interest of researchers was shifted from the Planudean to the Palatine. The only important element of the Planudean collection is the 388 epigrams not found in the Palatine, which are considered to have been part of the ''Anthology of Cephalas'', but for an unknown reason were not transcribed in the ''Palatine Anthology''.


Editions and text of Planudean Anthology

The first printed edition of the Anthology of Planudes (
editio princeps In Textual scholarship, textual and classical scholarship, the ''editio princeps'' (plural: ''editiones principes'') of a work is the first printed edition of the work, that previously had existed only in manuscripts. These had to be copied by han ...
) was printed by
Janus Lascaris Janus Lascaris (, ''Ianos Láskaris''; c. 1445, Constantinople – 7 December 1535, Rome), also called John Rhyndacenus (from Rhyndacus, a country town in Asia Minor), was a noted Greek scholar in the Renaissance. Biography After the Fall of Con ...
in 1494 in Florence under the title «Anthologia Graeca». It was also printed later on by
Aldus Manutius Aldus Pius Manutius (; ; 6 February 1515) was an Italian printer and Renaissance humanism, humanist who founded the Aldine Press. Manutius devoted the later part of his life to publishing and disseminating rare texts. His interest in and preser ...
(Venice 1503, 1521, 1551), Badius Ascensius (Paris 1531), P. and J.-M. Nicolini (Venice 1550), Jean Brodeau (Basel 1549), Henricus Stephanus (Paris 1566). The edition of Bosch was printed between 1795 and 1822 in Utrecht in five volumes with a Latin translation by
Hugo Grotius Hugo Grotius ( ; 10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as Hugo de Groot () or Huig de Groot (), was a Dutch humanist, diplomat, lawyer, theologian, jurist, statesman, poet and playwright. A teenage prodigy, he was born in Delft an ...
entitled «Anthologia Graeca cum versione Latina Hugonis Grotii». Apart from the text of the Planudean Anthology, this edition also included other texts after the first half of the third book. *Anthologia Graeca cum versione Latina Hugonis Grotii, Volume 1, Claude Saumaise, Ultrajecti e Τypographia B. Wild & J. Altheer, 179
Volume 1
an
beginning of the text of the Planudean Anthology, Books 1-2
*Anthologia Graeca cum versione Latina Hugonis Grotii editae Ab Hieronymo de Bosch, Volume 2, Jeronimo de Bosch, Hugo Grotius, Ultrajecti e typographia Wild & Altheer, 179
Volume 2
an
text of the Planudean Anthology - Books 3-4
*Anthologia Graeca cum versione Latina Hugonis Grotii editae Ab Hieronymo de Bosch, Volume 3, Ultrajecti e typographia B. Wild & J. Altheer, 179
Volume 3
an
text of the Planudean Anthology - Books 5-7
an
Mantissa Vetus, page 288Mantissa secunda de Graecis heriobus adjecta ab Henrico Stephano, page 399
until 4th and then texts of Theokritus (Eidyllia) until page 469. *Observationes et notae in Anthologiam Graecam quibus accetum Cl. Salmasii, Notae ineditae, Volume 4, Hieronymi de Bosch, David Jacob van Lennep, Claude Saumaise, Ultrajecti e typographia B. Wild & J. Altheer, 1810
Volume 4
an
contents
*Hieronymi de Bosch Observationum et Notarum in Anthologiam Graecam volumen alterum quod indices continet, opus Boschii morte interruptum David Jacobus van Lennep aboluit, Ultrajecti e typographia J. Altheer, 1822
Volume 5


See also

*
List of anthologies of Greek epigrams Modern knowledge of ancient Greek epigrams is largely based on works surviving in multi-author anthologies. The earliest known dateable anthology of epigrams is the ''Attic Epigrams'' collected by Philochorus in the late fourth century BC. This, ...


References


External links


on-line version of the Biblioteca Marciana manuscript BNM Gr. Z. 481 (=863)
*
Anthologiae planudeae - Appendix Barberino-Vaticana
', Leo Sternbach (ed.), Lipsiae, in aedibus B. G. Teubneri, 1890. * * {{Authority control Byzantine literature *